Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center Chupei Station, Fisheries Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Jul;102:117-124. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.024. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
We investigated the antimicrobial properties and the effects of Rheum officinale extract (ROE) on nonspecific immune parameters of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro analysis was conducted by treating grouper primary head kidney leukocytes with various concentrations of ROE. The phagocytic rate of the leukocytes was elevated in a dose-dependent manner from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/ml, but decreased with higher concentrations of ROE (0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was strongly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with ROE doses of 0.1-10.0 mg/ml. However, morphological changes (e.g., rounding and shrinkage of cells, chromatin condensation, fragmentation, and appearance of apoptotic bodies) were observed in the leukocytes after incubation with higher concentrations of ROE (1.0 and 10.0 mg/ml). A 28-day feeding trial was performed to assess the impact of dietary administration of ROE on grouper innate immunity parameters. Fish were fed with feed supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 5.0 g ROE per kg of feed. The phagocytic activity of the animals' leukocytes was significantly elevated in all ROE-fed groups on day 1 and in groups fed with ROE at 0.1 or 1.0 g/kg on day 14. Production of ROS was substantially increased on day 1 in fish fed with ROE at 1.0 and 5.0 g/kg, but decreased steadily later on. The ability to generate ROS increased steadily until day 7 in fish fed the lowest concentration of ROE (0.1 mg/ml), but decreased thereafter. ROE showed excellent antibacterial activity against six pathogens of aquatic animals: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, V. carchariae, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Edwardsiella tarda. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of measured ROE-derived anthraquinones were 10.57-84.53 μg/ml and 10.57-169.05 μg/ml, respectively.
我们研究了大黄提取物（ROE）的抗菌特性及其对体外和体内卵形鲷（Epinephelus coioides）非特异性免疫参数的影响。通过用不同浓度的 ROE 处理卵形鲷原头肾白细胞进行体外分析。白细胞的吞噬率呈剂量依赖性，从 0.01 至 0.1mg/ml 升高，但随着 ROE 浓度的升高（0.5 和 1.0mg/ml）而降低。用 ROE 剂量 0.1-10.0mg/ml 处理可强烈增强活性氧物质（ROS）的产生，呈剂量依赖性增强。然而，在用较高浓度的 ROE（1.0 和 10.0mg/ml）孵育后，白细胞观察到形态学变化（例如，细胞圆化和收缩、染色质浓缩、碎裂和出现凋亡小体）。进行了为期 28 天的喂养试验，以评估 ROE 对卵形鲷先天免疫参数的影响。用补充有 0、0.1、1.0 或 5.0g ROE/kg 饲料的饲料喂养鱼。在第 1 天，所有 ROE 喂养组的动物白细胞吞噬活性均显著升高，在第 14 天，ROE 喂养组的活性升高 0.1 或 1.0g/kg。在第 1 天，用 1.0 和 5.0g/kg ROE 喂养的鱼中 ROS 的产生大量增加，但后来稳步下降。用最低浓度的 ROE（0.1mg/ml）喂养的鱼的 ROS 产生能力在第 7 天之前稳步增加，但此后下降。ROE 对六种水生动物病原体：副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌、溶藻弧菌、鳗弧菌、嗜水气单胞菌和迟缓爱德华菌具有出色的抗菌活性。所测 ROE 衍生蒽醌的最小抑菌和杀菌浓度分别为 10.57-84.53μg/ml 和 10.57-169.05μg/ml。
