School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China.
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 15;726:138317. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138317. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia and anoxia) is an emerging concern in estuarine and coastal ecosystems worldwide. Previous studies on Mollusca Cephalopoda have focused on the effects of hypoxia stress on physiological performance and survival, but there are few reports on the molecular mechanism, and the application of metabolomics in cephalopods remains unknown. In this study, a H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the metabolites profiles of Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) during hypoxia and post-anoxia recovery. The results revealed that obvious tissue-specific metabolic responses were induced by hypoxia stresses. Hypoxia exposure influenced the levels of many metabolites (e.g. BCAAs, lactate, and betaine strongly accumulated in the hepatic tissue while arginine and ATP significantly reduced; lactate and adenosine significantly increased in gills whereas arginine and choline significantly decreased; GABA, taurine and adenosine levels increased in brain but a significant depletion of N-Acetylaspartate and glycogen was found), disturbed energy and amino acid metabolism, and broke the balance of neurotransmitters and osmoregulators. Notably, almost all metabolites returned to pre-exposure levels after acute hypoxia recovery. However, we noted a pronounced depletion of the amino acid pool (arginine, glutamine, and alanine) in hepatic and gills after recovery, as well as organic osmolytes fluctuations (choline, betaine, and taurine). This work highlights the potential of metabolomics methods to elucidate the response of cuttlefish to hypoxia stress, as well as to provide knowledge on metabolic changes in cephalopods under the influences of environmental stress.
缺氧（低氧和缺氧）是全球河口和沿海生态系统中一个新出现的问题。以前关于头足类软体动物的研究集中在低氧胁迫对生理性能和生存的影响上，但关于分子机制的报道很少，代谢组学在头足类动物中的应用也尚不清楚。在这项研究中，应用基于 H 核磁共振（NMR）的代谢组学方法研究了短蛸（Sepia pharaonis）（Ehrenberg，1831）在缺氧和缺氧后恢复过程中的代谢物谱。结果表明，缺氧胁迫明显诱导了组织特异性代谢反应。缺氧暴露影响了许多代谢物的水平（例如，支链氨基酸、乳酸和甜菜碱在肝组织中强烈积累，而精氨酸和 ATP 显著减少；乳酸和腺苷在鳃中显著增加，而精氨酸和胆碱显著减少；GABA、牛磺酸和腺苷水平在大脑中增加，但发现 N-乙酰天冬氨酸和糖原明显耗尽），干扰了能量和氨基酸代谢，破坏了神经递质和渗透压调节剂的平衡。值得注意的是，急性缺氧恢复后，几乎所有代谢物都恢复到暴露前的水平。然而，我们注意到在恢复后肝脏和鳃中的氨基酸池（精氨酸、谷氨酰胺和丙氨酸）以及有机渗透调节剂的波动（胆碱、甜菜碱和牛磺酸）明显耗尽。这项工作强调了代谢组学方法阐明乌贼对低氧胁迫的反应的潜力，并提供了环境胁迫下头足类动物代谢变化的知识。
