Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Jul 1;197:110628. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110628. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
Urban construction is a major contributor to air pollution, but few studies have examined heavy metal pollution in urban areas caused by construction dust fall. We measured the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Hg and particle size distribution in dust fall from various construction activities in seven fast-developing cities in China and conducted a health risk assessment. Mean metal concentrations in construction dust fall were on the order of Zn (246.3 mg/kg) > Cr (94.2 mg/kg) > Pb (56.5 mg/kg) > Cu (53.6 mg/kg) > Ni (22.8 mg/kg) > Cd (0.68 mg/kg) > Hg (0.08 mg/kg). Cu and Zn were positively correlated in areas of subway and building construction, and Pb and Cd were positively correlated in areas of road construction, likely because of the materials specific to these activities. Enrichment factors for heavy metals at all sampling sites were on the order of Cd (10.4) > Zn (6.37) > Cu (4.25) > Pb (3.84) > Hg (2.41) > Cr (2.02) > Ni (1.32). The enrichment factors for all metals except Zn indicated that heavy metal pollution was highest in road construction, followed by building and subway construction. Non-carcinogenic risks to children (hazard index >1) were 1.01-1.08 in four of the seven sampling sites, indicating possible risk from deposition of construction dust fall. In contrast, the hazard index for adults was <1 at the seven cities and total carcinogenic risks (<1 × 10) were at acceptable levels. An integrated ecological risk assessment demonstrated that heavy metal particles in construction dust fall in two of the cities (Shijiazhuang and Qingdao) were likely to be suspended in the atmosphere. Our study of heavy metal pollution in construction dust fall provides data on ecological and human health impacts and suggests that extensive measures are required to control construction dust fall in China.
城市建设是空气污染的主要贡献者，但很少有研究调查建筑扬尘引起的城市重金属污染。我们测量了中国七个快速发展城市的各种建筑活动产生的降尘中 Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 和 Hg 的浓度及其颗粒尺寸分布，并进行了健康风险评估。建筑降尘中金属的平均浓度顺序为 Zn（246.3mg/kg）＞Cr（94.2mg/kg）＞Pb（56.5mg/kg）＞Cu（53.6mg/kg）＞Ni（22.8mg/kg）＞Cd（0.68mg/kg）＞Hg（0.08mg/kg）。在地铁和建筑施工区域，Cu 和 Zn 呈正相关，在道路施工区域，Pb 和 Cd 呈正相关，这可能是因为这些活动使用的材料不同。所有采样点的重金属富集因子顺序为 Cd（10.4）＞Zn（6.37）＞Cu（4.25）＞Pb（3.84）＞Hg（2.41）＞Cr（2.02）＞Ni（1.32）。除 Zn 外，所有金属的富集因子表明，重金属污染在道路施工中最高，其次是建筑和地铁施工。七个采样点中的四个点，儿童（危害指数＞1）的非致癌风险为 1.01-1.08，表明施工扬尘沉降可能存在风险。相比之下，七个城市的成年人危害指数均＜1，总致癌风险（＜1×10）处于可接受水平。综合生态风险评估表明，两个城市（石家庄和青岛）的建筑降尘中的重金属颗粒可能会悬浮在大气中。本研究对建筑降尘中的重金属污染进行了研究，为生态和人类健康影响提供了数据，并表明需要采取广泛措施来控制中国的建筑扬尘。
