Ecarnot Fiona, Maggi Stefania, Michel Jean-Pierre
EA3920, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France,
University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France,
Interdiscip Top Gerontol Geriatr. 2020;43:234-248. doi: 10.1159/000504486. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
Vaccine-preventable diseases represent a considerable burden on world health, and can have long-lasting consequences in those infected, especially in older adults, who can suffer functional decline, disability, and death. Vaccine uptake across the life course is desirable, but often suboptimal. A number of factors have been identified as contributors to low vaccine coverage, including sociodemographic characteristics, logistic factors such as ease of access and convenience, cultural attitudes including health literacy, and vaccine hesitancy. Strategies to improve vaccine uptake can target all the components underpinning low coverage, and include technology and communication-based strategies, physician-centered approaches, targeting healthcare workers for influenza vaccination, system-based factors, improved vaccine efficacy, and above all, political will and leadership.
疫苗可预防疾病给全球健康带来了相当大的负担，并且会给感染者带来长期影响，尤其是老年人，他们可能会出现功能衰退、残疾甚至死亡。在整个人生阶段接种疫苗是理想的，但往往未达到最佳效果。已确定一些因素导致疫苗接种率低，包括社会人口学特征、诸如获取便利性等后勤因素、包括健康素养在内的文化态度以及疫苗犹豫。提高疫苗接种率的策略可以针对导致接种率低的所有因素，包括基于技术和沟通的策略、以医生为中心的方法、针对医护人员的流感疫苗接种、基于系统的因素、提高疫苗效力，最重要的是，要有政治意愿和领导力。
