Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA.
Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society, Melbourne, VIC.
Med J Aust. 2020 Jun;212(10):463-467. doi: 10.5694/mja2.50596. Epub 2020 Apr 19.
To assess the capacity of intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia to respond to the expected increase in demand associated with COVID-19.
Analysis of Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) registry data, supplemented by an ICU surge capability survey and veterinary facilities survey (both March 2020).
All Australian ICUs and veterinary facilities.
Baseline numbers of ICU beds, ventilators, dialysis machines, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines, intravenous infusion pumps, and staff (senior medical staff, registered nurses); incremental capability to increase capacity (surge) by increasing ICU bed numbers; ventilator-to-bed ratios; number of ventilators in veterinary facilities.
The 191 ICUs in Australia provide 2378 intensive care beds during baseline activity (9.3 ICU beds per 100 000 population). Of the 175 ICUs that responded to the surge survey (with 2228 intensive care beds), a maximal surge would add an additional 4258 intensive care beds (191% increase) and 2631 invasive ventilators (120% increase). This surge would require additional staffing of as many as 4092 senior doctors (245% increase over baseline) and 42 720 registered ICU nurses (269% increase over baseline). An additional 188 ventilators are available in veterinary facilities, including 179 human model ventilators.
The directors of Australian ICUs report that intensive care bed capacity could be near tripled in response to the expected increase in demand caused by COVID-19. But maximal surge in bed numbers could be hampered by a shortfall in invasive ventilators and would also require a large increase in clinician and nursing staff numbers.
评估澳大利亚重症监护病房（ICU）应对与 COVID-19 相关的预期需求增加的能力。
对澳大利亚和新西兰重症监护学会（ANZICS）登记数据进行分析，并辅以 ICU 扩充能力调查和兽医设施调查（均于 2020 年 3 月进行）。
所有澳大利亚 ICU 和兽医设施。
基础 ICU 床位、呼吸机、透析机、体外膜肺氧合机、静脉输液泵和工作人员（高级医务人员、注册护士）数量；通过增加 ICU 床位数量增加容量（扩充）的增量能力；呼吸机与床位比；兽医设施中的呼吸机数量。
澳大利亚的 191 家 ICU 在基础活动期间提供 2378 张重症监护床位（每 10 万人中有 9.3 张 ICU 床位）。在对扩充调查做出回应的 175 家 ICU 中（拥有 2228 张重症监护床位），最大扩充将额外增加 4258 张重症监护床位（增加 191%）和 2631 台有创呼吸机（增加 120%）。这一扩充将需要多达 4092 名高级医生（比基础增加 245%）和 42720 名注册 ICU 护士（比基础增加 269%）。兽医设施中还有 188 台呼吸机可用，其中包括 179 台人体模型呼吸机。
澳大利亚 ICU 主任报告称，重症监护床位容量可能会增加近两倍，以应对 COVID-19 导致的预期需求增加。但最大的床位扩充可能会受到有创呼吸机短缺的限制，还需要大量增加临床医生和护士的数量。
