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制造业工人工作相关职业性肌肉骨骼疾病及其相关危险因素的调查与分析

[Investigation and analysis of work-related occupational musculoskeletal disorders and associated risk factors of manufacturing workers].

作者信息

Hao P, Li Y B, Wu S S, Yang X Y

机构信息

Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.

HeBei District for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300000, China.

出版信息

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2020 Mar 20;38(3):187-192. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20181204-00527.

Abstract

To investigate the prevalence of Work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and identify associated risk factors and provide evidence of taking measures for prevention. By Cluster sampling, 1 920 employees of 35 manufacturing enterprises were selected as study subjects from May to December 2017. The questionnnaire were including population characteristics、related factors of ergonomics、job burnout、insomnia and WMSDs. The prevalence of waist was the highest among 9 body parts, with 52.0%, followed by the prevalence of neck 50.6%, more than 1 muscle diseases were by the prevalence of 74.7%. Single factor analysis showed that different levels of labor intensity, daily standing time (h) , daily sitting time(h) , daily bending time (h) , daily lifting of 5kg object time (h) group waist disease and prevalence of more than one musculoskeletal disease were different, The difference was statistically sig- nificant (<0.05). More than 5 years of working year, labor intensity of Class III, daily bending time ≥2 h, depression, disorders (<0.05). life satisfaction, job burnout, and insomnia are all risk factors for waist and musculoskeletal. The daily sitting time ≥2 h and the high life satisfaction were protective factors for waist and WMSDs (<0.05). The prevalence rate of WMSDs among manufacturing workers is strong, and Manager should take the aspects of ergonomics and psychological factors meassure to reduce WMSDs, These meassure were including increasing sitting time, reducing bending time.

摘要

调查工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病(WMSDs)的患病率,识别相关危险因素,并为采取预防措施提供依据。2017年5月至12月,采用整群抽样法,从35家制造企业中选取1920名员工作为研究对象。调查问卷包括人口学特征、工效学相关因素、职业倦怠、失眠和WMSDs。在9个身体部位中,腰部患病率最高,为52.0%,其次是颈部患病率50.6%,超过1种肌肉疾病的患病率为74.7%。单因素分析显示,不同劳动强度水平、每日站立时间(小时)、每日坐姿时间(小时)、每日弯腰时间(小时)、每日搬运5kg物体时间(小时)组的腰部疾病和多种肌肉骨骼疾病患病率不同,差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。工作年限超过5年、Ⅲ级劳动强度、每日弯腰时间≥2小时、抑郁、生活满意度低、职业倦怠和失眠均为腰部和肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素。每日坐姿时间≥2小时和高生活满意度是腰部和WMSDs的保护因素(<0.05)。制造业工人中WMSDs患病率较高,管理者应从工效学和心理因素方面采取措施降低WMSDs,这些措施包括增加坐姿时间、减少弯腰时间。

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