Chen P X, Tan D L, Liu Y M, Wang Z X
Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital, Guangzhou510620, China.
GAC Toyota Motor Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511455, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2021 Oct 20;39(10):757-762. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200624-00363.
To analyze the detection and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City. In April 2020, a total of 7065 workers of an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City were selected as research subjects using cluster sampling method. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to investigate the detection of WMSDs. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of WMSDs. The detection rate of WMSDs was 43.9% (3102/7065) , among which the detection rate of multiple WMSDs was 31.4%. The detection rates of WMSDs in different parts from high to low were as follows: neck (24.5%) , shoulder (21.1%) and ankle (20.1%) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that working experience of 3-8 years, >8 years, age>30 years old, repetitive work every day, multiple repetitions per minute, uncomfortable work posture, frequent overtime work and lack of staff in the department were risk factors for multi-site WMSDs (<0.05) . Adequate rest time was a protective factor for multi-site WMSDs (<0.05) . The detection rates of WMSDs in neck, shoulder, ankle, and multisite in automobile manufacturing enterprise are relatively high. The primary risk factors include adverse ergonomic factors and unreasonable organization of labour factors, optimize the work breaks can effectively reduce the risk of disease, effective ergonomic interventions should be carried out to prevent the occurrence of WMSDs among workers in the automobile manufacturing industry.
分析广州市某汽车制造企业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）的检出情况及影响因素。2020年4月，采用整群抽样方法选取广州市某汽车制造企业的7065名工人作为研究对象。采用北欧肌肉骨骼问卷（NMQ）调查WMSDs的检出情况。采用多因素logistic回归分析WMSDs的影响因素。WMSDs检出率为43.9%（3102/7065），其中多种WMSDs检出率为31.4%。不同部位WMSDs检出率从高到低依次为：颈部（24.5%）、肩部（21.1%）和脚踝（20.1%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，工作年限3 - 8年、>8年、年龄>30岁、每天重复工作、每分钟重复次数多、工作姿势不舒适、经常加班和部门人员不足是多部位WMSDs的危险因素（<0.05）。充足的休息时间是多部位WMSDs的保护因素（<0.05）。汽车制造企业颈部、肩部、脚踝及多部位WMSDs检出率较高。主要危险因素包括不良工效学因素和不合理的劳动组织因素，优化工作间歇可有效降低患病风险，应开展有效的工效学干预措施以预防汽车制造行业工人WMSDs的发生。
