Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Theranostics. 2020 Mar 26;10(11):4839-4850. doi: 10.7150/thno.43771. eCollection 2020.
Large bone reconstruction is a major clinical issue associated with several challenges, and autograft is the main method for reconstructing large defects of maxillofacial bone. However, postoperative osteoporosis of the bone graft, even with sufficient vascularization, remains a primary problem. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms and clinical translation of bone homeostasis is required. Neuronal innervation of the bone is an emerging research topic, especially with regards to the role of peripheral nerves in regulating bone homeostasis. Moreover, sensory and autonomic nerves regulate this process different types of neurotransmitters, but the specific mechanism is still elusive. In this review article, the current understanding of the interaction between the peripheral nerve and the skeleton system is summarized, with a particular focus on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), except for osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The novel application of nerve-based bone regeneration BMMSCs may provide a new strategy in tissue engineering and clinical treatment of osteoporosis and bone disorders.
大骨重建是一个涉及多个挑战的重要临床问题，自体移植物是重建颌面骨大缺损的主要方法。然而，即使有足够的血管化，骨移植物的术后骨质疏松仍然是一个主要问题。因此，需要更好地了解骨内稳态的机制和临床转化。骨的神经支配是一个新兴的研究课题，特别是外周神经在调节骨内稳态中的作用。此外，感觉神经和自主神经通过不同类型的神经递质调节这个过程，但具体的机制仍不清楚。在这篇综述文章中，总结了外周神经与骨骼系统相互作用的最新认识，特别关注骨髓间充质干细胞（BMMSCs），而不是成骨细胞和破骨细胞。基于神经的骨再生对 BMMSCs 的新应用可能为骨质疏松症和骨骼疾病的组织工程和临床治疗提供新策略。
