Marrella Alessandra, Lee Tae Yong, Lee Dong Hoon, Karuthedom Sobha, Syla Denata, Chawla Aditya, Khademhosseini Ali, Jang Hae Lin
Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02139, USA.
Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. USA.
Mater Today (Kidlington). 2018 May;21(4):362-376. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.10.005. Epub 2017 Nov 4.
Blood vessels and nerve fibers are distributed throughout the entirety of skeletal tissue, and play important roles during bone development and fracture healing by supplying oxygen, nutrients, and cells. However, despite the successful development of bone mimetic materials that can replace damaged bone from a structural point of view, most of the available bone biomaterials often do not induce sufficient formation of blood vessels and nerves. In part, this is due to the difficulty of integrating and regulating multiple tissue types within artificial materials, which causes a gap between native skeletal tissue. Therefore, understanding the anatomy and underlying interaction mechanisms of blood vessels and nerve fibers in skeletal tissue is important to develop biomaterials that can recapitulate its complex microenvironment. In this perspective, we highlight the structure and osteogenic functions of the vascular and nervous system in bone, in a coupled manner. In addition, we discuss important design criteria for engineering vascularized, innervated, and neurovascularized bone implant materials, as well as recent advances in the development of such biomaterials. We expect that bone implant materials with neurovascularized networks can more accurately mimic native skeletal tissue and improve the regeneration of bone tissue.
血管和神经纤维分布于整个骨骼组织，在骨骼发育和骨折愈合过程中通过提供氧气、营养物质和细胞发挥重要作用。然而，尽管从结构角度来看已经成功开发出能够替代受损骨骼的骨模拟材料，但大多数现有的骨生物材料往往不能诱导足够的血管和神经形成。部分原因在于难以在人工材料中整合和调节多种组织类型，这导致了与天然骨骼组织之间的差距。因此，了解骨骼组织中血管和神经纤维的解剖结构及潜在相互作用机制对于开发能够重现其复杂微环境的生物材料至关重要。从这个角度出发，我们以耦合的方式突出了骨中血管和神经系统的结构及成骨功能。此外，我们讨论了工程化血管化、神经化和神经血管化骨植入材料的重要设计标准，以及此类生物材料开发的最新进展。我们期望具有神经血管化网络的骨植入材料能够更准确地模拟天然骨骼组织并改善骨组织的再生。
