Prajapati Shyam, Madrigal Emilio, Friedman Mark T
Mount Sinai Health System, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Discoveries (Craiova). 2016 Dec 31;4(4):e68. doi: 10.15190/d.2016.15.
Although human anatomy and histology are naturally three-dimensional (3D), commonly used diagnostic and educational tools are technologically restricted to providing two-dimensional representations (e.g. gross photography and glass slides). This limitation may be overcome by employing techniques to acquire and display 3D data, which refers to the digital information used to describe a 3D object mathematically. There are several established and experimental strategies to capture macroscopic and microscopic 3D data. In addition, recent hardware and software innovations have propelled the visualization of 3D models, including virtual and augmented reality. Accompanying these advances are novel clinical and non-clinical applications of 3D data in pathology. Medical education and research stand to benefit a great deal from utilizing 3D data as it can change our understanding of complex anatomical and histological structures. Although these technologies are yet to be adopted in routine surgical pathology, forensic pathology has embraced 3D scanning and model reconstruction. In this review, we intend to provide a general overview of the technologies and emerging applications involved with 3D data.
尽管人体解剖学和组织学本质上是三维的（3D），但常用的诊断和教育工具在技术上仅限于提供二维图像（例如大体摄影和玻片）。通过采用获取和显示3D数据的技术可以克服这一限制，3D数据是指用于以数学方式描述3D物体的数字信息。有几种既定的和实验性的策略来获取宏观和微观的3D数据。此外，最近的硬件和软件创新推动了3D模型的可视化，包括虚拟现实和增强现实。伴随这些进展而来的是3D数据在病理学中的新型临床和非临床应用。医学教育和研究有望从利用3D数据中受益匪浅，因为它可以改变我们对复杂解剖学和组织结构的理解。尽管这些技术尚未在常规外科病理学中采用，但法医病理学已经采用了3D扫描和模型重建。在本综述中，我们旨在对与3D数据相关的技术和新兴应用进行总体概述。
