Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
J Med Syst. 2019 May 3;43(6):166. doi: 10.1007/s10916-019-1308-3.
Virtual Reality (VR) is a powerful tool that has increasingly being used by medical field in recent years. It has been mainly used surgical training in particular laparoscopic procedures. VR can be used for the teaching of anatomy. The aim of the study is to show application of transforming 2D radiologic images into 3D model by using thresholding and segmentation and import into VR interface at an affordable cost. Four anatomy modules are created with inputs to control the rotational and translational movement of 3D models in the virtual space. These movements allow users to explore 3D models by using head tilt and gaze input. 3D models of the Circle of Willis, Vertebral Aneurysm, Spine, and Skull are rendered in the user's field of view at runtime. VR is constructed to have many potentials uses in radiology education. Visualization of 3D anatomic structures in a virtual environment give another tool for teaching to students and patients about anatomy of the body. Four anatomy modules described here demonstrate example user interaction patterns best suited for viewing contexts. Instead viewing stacked 2D images or 3D models confined to desktop applications, virtual reality increases user interactivity of education. An intuitive understanding of anatomic structures in 3D space enhances the learning experience for medical students, residents, and patients we are treating.
虚拟现实（VR）是近年来医学领域越来越多使用的强大工具。它主要用于特别是腹腔镜手术的外科培训。VR 可用于解剖学教学。本研究的目的是展示如何通过使用阈值和分割将二维放射图像转换为 3D 模型，并以可承受的成本导入 VR 界面。创建了四个解剖模块，这些模块可以控制 3D 模型在虚拟空间中的旋转和平移运动。这些运动允许用户通过头部倾斜和注视输入来探索 3D 模型。Willis 环、椎动脉瘤、脊柱和颅骨的 3D 模型在运行时呈现在用户的视野中。VR 具有在放射学教育中广泛应用的潜力。在虚拟环境中可视化 3D 解剖结构为学生和患者提供了另一种关于人体解剖结构的教学工具。这里描述的四个解剖模块展示了最适合查看上下文的示例用户交互模式。与查看堆叠的二维图像或限于桌面应用程序的 3D 模型相比，虚拟现实增加了教育的用户交互性。对 3D 空间中解剖结构的直观理解增强了医学生、住院医师和我们正在治疗的患者的学习体验。
