Center for Drug Addiction Treatment and Research on Traditional Medicines - Takiwasi, Prolongación Alerta 466, Tarapoto, Peru.
Legal Department and Agreements, Indena S.p.A., Viale Ortles 12, Milan, Italy.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Sep 15;259:112885. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112885. Epub 2020 Apr 18.
The Peruvian Amazon holds more than 1000 plant species with commercial potential and the national sales of natural products derived from medicinal and aromatic plants have exceeded $ 400 million per year. Research and development activities carried out on the genetic and biochemical composition of Peruvian flora have to abide by national and international regulations, such as the Nagoya Protocol (NP).
The aim of this paper is to describe the implications of the current implementation of the NP in Peru for performing research on national genetic resources.
A review of the current legal framework and status of the NP in Peru was performed accompanied by first-hand experience undertaken by submitting a request for access to genetic resources related to wild continental species.
So far, Peru has issued 16 Internationally Recognized Certificates of Compliance (IRCCs) through 2 of the identified National Authorities. Some of the difficulties and challenges observed have to do with the degree of effective implementation of the Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) system, the fact that the application process is not sufficiently clear, and the wide gap between this formal system and what occurs informally outside of it. In response to this, training and implementation projects have been launched and a new law on the access to genetic resources has been proposed.
The difficulties observed still represent an obstacle to scientific research and the development of new commercial products based on Peruvian traditional knowledge and genetic resources. Although improvements have been made to the ABS framework, there remain major challenges to encouraging and ascertaining the equitable and sustainable use of Peru's biodiversity.
秘鲁亚马逊地区拥有超过 1000 种具有商业潜力的植物物种，每年从药用和芳香植物中提取的天然产品的国家销售额超过 4 亿美元。对秘鲁植物区系的遗传和生化组成进行的研究和开发活动必须遵守国家和国际法规，如《名古屋议定书》（NP）。
本文旨在描述当前在秘鲁执行 NP 对国家遗传资源研究的影响。
对秘鲁当前的法律框架和 NP 现状进行了审查，并结合提交获取与野生大陆物种相关遗传资源的请求的第一手经验进行了审查。
到目前为止，秘鲁已经通过 2 个已确定的国家主管部门颁发了 16 份国际公认的合规证书（IRCCs）。观察到的一些困难和挑战与获取和惠益分享（ABS）系统的有效实施程度、申请程序不够清晰以及该正式系统与非正式系统之间的巨大差距有关。针对这一问题，已经启动了培训和实施项目，并提出了一项新的遗传资源获取法。
观察到的困难仍然是对科学研究和基于秘鲁传统知识和遗传资源开发新商业产品的障碍。尽管 ABS 框架有所改进，但在鼓励和确保公平和可持续利用秘鲁生物多样性方面仍存在重大挑战。
