University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL.
Diabetes. 2020 May;69(5):848-858. doi: 10.2337/dbi18-0042.
Accumulation of lipid in skeletal muscle is thought to be related to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Initial work in this area focused on accumulation of intramuscular triglyceride; however, bioactive lipids such as diacylglycerols and sphingolipids are now thought to play an important role. Specific species of these lipids appear to be more negative toward insulin sensitivity than others. Adding another layer of complexity, localization of lipids within the cell appears to influence the relationship between these lipids and insulin sensitivity. This article summarizes how accumulation of total lipids, specific lipid species, and localization of lipids influence insulin sensitivity in humans. We then focus on how these aspects of muscle lipids are impacted by acute and chronic aerobic and resistance exercise training. By understanding how exercise alters specific species and localization of lipids, it may be possible to uncover specific lipids that most heavily impact insulin sensitivity.
骨骼肌中脂质的积累被认为与胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病的发展有关。该领域的初步研究集中在肌内甘油三酯的积累上；然而，现在认为生物活性脂质，如二酰基甘油和鞘脂，起着重要的作用。这些脂质的特定种类似乎比其他种类对胰岛素敏感性更不利。更复杂的是，脂质在细胞内的定位似乎影响了这些脂质与胰岛素敏感性之间的关系。本文总结了总脂质、特定脂质种类和脂质定位如何影响人类的胰岛素敏感性。然后，我们重点讨论肌肉脂质的这些方面如何受到急性和慢性有氧和抗阻运动训练的影响。通过了解运动如何改变特定种类和定位的脂质，有可能发现对胰岛素敏感性影响最大的特定脂质。
