Extended pleurectomy decortication for Masaoka stage IVa thymoma with massive pleural and pericardial dissemination.

We herein report two cases of Masaoka stage IVa thymoma treated by radical resection via thymothymectomy followed by pleurectomy/decortication (PD). Case 1: a 52-year-old man was diagnosed with a type B1 thymoma. Resection of the right lobe of thymus, dissection of left upper mediastinum, and pleurectomy from anterior chest wall to descending aorta were performed via median sternotomy approach. Pericardial resection followed by decortication of the total visceral pleura was then successfully performed via a posterolateral thoracotomy approach. Case 2: a 48-year-old man was diagnosed with type B2 thymoma. Thymothymectomy and extra-pleural dissection except for the right-side diaphragmatic area were achieved via median sternotomy approach. Resection of the visible disseminated lesions of visceral pleura was performed after pleurectomy of the diaphragmatic area via posterolateral thoracotomy approach. Both patients are disease free at 3 years and 2 years and half, respectively. Extended thymothymectomy followed by PD is a candidate approach for surgical management.