Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
DNA Cell Biol. 2020 Aug;39(8):1410-1420. doi: 10.1089/dna.2019.5347. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
Mitochondria play an important role in numerous processes, including energy generation, regulating ion homeostasis, and cell signaling. Mitochondria are also the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to the oxidative environment within mitochondria, the macromolecules therein, for example, mtDNA, proteins, and lipids are more susceptible to sustaining damage. During aging, mitochondrial functions decline, partly as a result of an accumulation of mtDNA mutations, decreased mtDNA copy number and protein expression, and a reduction in oxidative capacity. The aim of this study was to summarize the knowledge on DNA oxidative damage in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. It has been hypothesized that various ROS may play an important role not only in physiological senescence but also in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Thus, mitochondria seem to be a potential target of novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
线粒体在许多过程中发挥着重要作用，包括能量生成、调节离子稳态和细胞信号转导。线粒体也是活性氧（ROS）的主要来源。由于线粒体内的氧化环境，其中的大分子物质，例如 mtDNA、蛋白质和脂质，更容易受到损伤。随着年龄的增长，线粒体功能下降，部分原因是 mtDNA 突变的积累、mtDNA 拷贝数和蛋白质表达减少以及氧化能力降低。本研究旨在总结衰老和与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病中线粒体 DNA 氧化损伤的知识。据推测，各种 ROS 不仅可能在生理衰老中发挥重要作用，而且可能在神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）的发展中发挥重要作用。因此，线粒体似乎是神经退行性疾病新疗法的潜在靶点。
