Patil Abhilasha S, Ranganath V, Kumar C Naresh, Naik Rajesh, John Anu Anna, Pharande Shantanu B
Consultant Periodontist, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Periodontology, AECS Maaruti Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb 28;9(2):1136-1142. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_937_19. eCollection 2020 Feb.
The analysis of salivary enzymes contributes to the clarification of pathogenesis and improvement in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. The present study aimed to examine the prospective association between smoking and periodontal disease progression and the effects of smoking on the following salivary biomarkers related to periodontitis: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea (UA), free-hemoglobin (f-Hb), and neopterin.
A total of 64 male patients aged 21-60 years were recruited and grouped as Group 1: 16 healthy nonsmokers, who had never smoked. Group 2: 16 smokers with gingivitis. Group 3: 16 smokers with moderate periodontitis. Group 4: 16 smokers with severe periodontitis. Stimulated saliva was collected for at least 5 min and clinical measurements; salivary biomarkers were assessed in automated analyzer.
Data showed significant correlation among salivary ACP, AST, LDH, CRE, BUN, UA, and f-Hb and neopterin levels showed higher in group 4 compared with other groups.
This study indicated that smoking has several detrimental effects on periodontal tissues. A higher level of salivary biomarkers was seen in smokers with severe periodontitis. Hence, these biomarkers are helpful in future for the earlier detection of periodontal diseases progression and can also be used as potential salivary biomarkers for assessing smoking status and severity in chronic periodontitis.
唾液酶分析有助于阐明牙周病的发病机制并改善其诊断。本研究旨在探讨吸烟与牙周病进展之间的前瞻性关联，以及吸烟对以下与牙周炎相关的唾液生物标志物的影响：碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酐（CRE）、血尿素氮（BUN）、尿素（UA）、游离血红蛋白（f-Hb）和新蝶呤。
共招募64名年龄在21至60岁之间的男性患者，并分为以下几组：第1组：16名健康非吸烟者，从未吸烟。第2组：16名患有牙龈炎的吸烟者。第3组：16名患有中度牙周炎的吸烟者。第4组：16名患有重度牙周炎的吸烟者。收集至少5分钟的刺激性唾液用于临床测量；唾液生物标志物在自动分析仪中进行评估。
数据显示唾液ACP、AST、LDH、CRE、BUN、UA以及f-Hb之间存在显著相关性，且第4组的新蝶呤水平高于其他组。
本研究表明吸烟对牙周组织有多种有害影响。重度牙周炎吸烟者的唾液生物标志物水平较高。因此，这些生物标志物有助于未来更早地检测牙周病进展，也可作为评估慢性牙周炎吸烟状况和严重程度的潜在唾液生物标志物。
