Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado Edificio P. Facultad de Ingeniería, Dr. Manuel Nava #8, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78290 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 15;726:138493. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138493. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
Emerging contaminants (EPs) represent a significant risk to human, ecological and environmental health. Although progress has been made in establishing monitoring in environmental matrices, health effects, legislation and control, there are still problems associated with regional bias and the types of EPs commonly assessed, which may underestimate the risk to health. In Latin America there are limited reports on environmental monitoring of EPs and it is generally focused on wastewater. This review identifies the current research deficiencies for emerging contaminants in the Latin American region, and we address the case of nonylphenol as an under-studied EP in the region. Nonylphenol is a degradation product of nonylphenol ethoxylate, which is a surfactant widely used in the manufacture of detergents in Latin America, environmental concentrations have been reported, predominantly in water, and the possible effects on species in this region have been also described. The importance of the review of this compound in the region lies in the fact that the Rotterdam Convention has catalogued nonylphenol as a severely restricted compound, so it is necessary to establish measures for its restriction and change to a sustainable technology. Finally, the example of NP presented in this review highlights the lack of regulation in Latin America regarding to EPs, resulting in the contamination of wastewater, effluents, rivers and drinking water. It is imperative to determine the potential effects, occurrence and concentration levels to improve the regulation of these pollutants in a timely manner.
新兴污染物 (EPs) 对人类、生态和环境健康构成重大风险。尽管在环境基质中建立监测、健康影响、立法和控制方面已经取得了进展，但仍存在与区域偏见和通常评估的 EPs 类型相关的问题，这可能低估了对健康的风险。在拉丁美洲，关于新兴污染物的环境监测报告有限，通常侧重于废水。本综述确定了拉丁美洲地区新兴污染物研究的当前不足，并以壬基酚作为该地区研究不足的新兴污染物为例。壬基酚是壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解产物，壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚是一种表面活性剂，广泛用于拉丁美洲制造洗涤剂，已报告其在环境中的浓度，主要在水中，并且还描述了该地区物种可能受到的影响。该地区审查这种化合物的重要性在于，鹿特丹公约已将壬基酚列为严重受限化合物，因此有必要制定限制和转向可持续技术的措施。最后，本综述中提出的 NP 示例突出了拉丁美洲在新兴污染物方面缺乏监管，导致废水、污水、河流和饮用水受到污染。当务之急是确定潜在影响、出现和浓度水平，以便及时改善对这些污染物的监管。
