Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico.
Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 20;905:167426. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167426. Epub 2023 Sep 28.
Emerging pollutants (EPs) emerged as a group of new compounds whose presence in the environment has been widely detected in Mexico. In this country, different concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds, pesticides, dyes, and microplastics have been reported, which vary depending on the region and the analyzed matrix (i.e., wastewater, surface water, groundwater). The evidence of the EPs' presence focuses on the detection of them, but there is a gap in information regarding is biomonitoring and their effects in health in Mexico. The presence of these pollutants in the country associated with lack of proper regulations in the discharge and disposal of EPs. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive view of the current environmental status, policies, and frameworks regarding Mexico's situation. The review also highlights the lack of information about biomonitoring since EPs are present in water even after their treatment, leading to a critical situation, which is high exposure to humans and animals. Although, technologies to efficiently eliminate EPs are available, their application has been reported only at a laboratory scale thus far. Here, an overview of health and environmental impacts and a summary of the research works reported in Mexico from 2014 to 2023 were presented. This review concludes with a concrete point of view and perspective on the status of the EPs' research in Mexico as an alert for government entities about the necessity of measures to control the EPs disposal and treatment.
新兴污染物 (EPs) 作为一组新化合物出现，其在环境中的存在已在墨西哥广泛检测到。在该国，已报告了不同浓度的药物化合物、农药、染料和微塑料，其浓度因地区和分析的基质（即废水、地表水、地下水）而异。EPs 存在的证据主要集中在它们的检测上，但关于它们在墨西哥的生物监测及其对健康的影响的信息存在差距。这些污染物在该国的存在与缺乏对 EPs 排放和处置的适当法规有关。因此，本综述旨在提供墨西哥目前环境状况、政策和框架的全面视图。该综述还强调了缺乏关于生物监测的信息，因为即使在处理后，水中仍存在 EPs，这导致了一种危险的情况，即人类和动物面临着高暴露的风险。尽管有高效消除 EPs 的技术，但迄今为止，这些技术仅在实验室规模上得到了应用。本文概述了健康和环境影响，并总结了 2014 年至 2023 年在墨西哥报道的研究工作。本综述最后对墨西哥 EPs 研究状况提出了具体的观点和看法，提醒政府实体有必要采取措施控制 EPs 的处置和处理。
