三种物种果皮精油的化学成分和生物活性。

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Peels of Three Species.

机构信息

Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.

Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.

出版信息

Molecules. 2020 Apr 19;25(8):1890. doi: 10.3390/molecules25081890.

BACKGROUND

Fruit peels are generally underutilized byproducts of the food industry, although they are valuable sources of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate a new application for three peel EOs as bio-herbicides.

METHODS

After a micro-morphological evaluation of peels by SEM analysis, the phytochemical composition of the EOs of Risso & Poit., Raf., and (L.) Osbeck was characterized by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. The in vitro phytotoxicity against germination and initial radical elongation of several crop and weed species was evaluated. Furthermore, the eco-compatibility of these EOs has been assessed by the brine shrimp () lethality assay.

RESULTS

SEM analysis highlighted the morphometric differences of the schizolysigenous pockets among the peels of the three species. Oxygenated monoterpenes are the main constituents in (51.09%), whereas monoterpene hydrocarbons represent the most abundant compounds in (82.15%) and (80.33%) EOs. They showed marked and selective phytotoxic activity in vitro, often at very low concentration (0.1 μg/mL) against all plant species investigated, without showing any toxicity on , opening the perspective of their use as safe bio-herbicides.

背景

果皮通常是食品工业中未充分利用的副产物，但它们是生物活性化合物的有价值来源。本研究旨在评估三种果皮精油作为生物除草剂的新应用。

方法

通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析对果皮进行微观形态评价后，采用 GC/FID 和 GC/MS 分析对 Risso & Poit.、Raf. 和（L.）Osbeck 的精油的植物化学成分进行了表征。评估了这些精油对几种作物和杂草物种的发芽和初始根伸长的体外植物毒性。此外，通过卤虫（）致死试验评估了这些精油的生态相容性。

结果

SEM 分析突出了三种果皮的裂生分泌腔之间的形态差异。含氧单萜是（51.09%）中的主要成分，而单萜烃则是（82.15%）和（80.33%）精油中最丰富的化合物。它们在体外表现出明显的、选择性的植物毒性，通常在非常低的浓度（0.1μg/mL）下对所有受调查的植物物种都有效，而对没有任何毒性，为它们作为安全生物除草剂的应用开辟了前景。