Deylami Toktam, Mehdi Yaghoobi Mohammad, Torkzadeh-Mahani Masoud
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, 7631818356, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 4;15(1):28359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10498-w.
Niosome represents a practical approach for targeted the in vitro delivery of phytochemicals and drugs to cells. also it is a promising delivery system for plant extracts and reduces the side effects of burst release of doxorubicin. Ethanolic lemon peel extract (EE), methanolic extract (ME), and doxorubicin (DOXO) were formulated into ethanolic, methanolic, and doxorubicin niosomal formulations, denoted as NIO/EE, NIO/ME, and NIO/DOXO, respectively. These formulations were applied to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines for a duration of 48 h. The cells' apoptosis/necrosis and migration rates were measured using Annexin V/PI staining and wound healing assays. Gene expression was measured by qPCR. The results show that NIO/EE and NIO/ME treatments notably elevated the apoptosis rate to unformulated extracts (P < 0.0001). However, NIO/DOXO has significantly milder cytotoxicity than DOXO. The extracts significantly inhibited the migration of both cell lines (P < 0.0001). An increase in FAS expression (****P < 0.0001) and a decreased expression level of VIMENTIN, SNAIL, and JNK-2 genes (***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001) is shown in all two cell lines treated with niosomal formulation containing NIO/EE and NIO/ME that confirmed apoptosis induction and migration inhibition by encapsulated extracts. The study aims to evaluate the enhanced anticancer activity usefulness of noisome-encapsulating lemon peel extracts and doxorubicin on breast cancer cells. Further research will reveal the in vivo effects of the extracts in animal models.
脂质体是一种将植物化学物质和药物体外靶向递送至细胞的实用方法。它也是一种很有前景的植物提取物递送系统，可减少阿霉素突发释放的副作用。将乙醇提取的柠檬皮提取物（EE）、甲醇提取物（ME）和阿霉素（DOXO）分别制成乙醇脂质体、甲醇脂质体和阿霉素脂质体制剂，分别记为NIO/EE、NIO/ME和NIO/DOXO。将这些制剂作用于MCF-7和MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系48小时。使用膜联蛋白V/碘化丙啶染色和伤口愈合试验测量细胞的凋亡/坏死率和迁移率。通过定量聚合酶链反应测量基因表达。结果表明，NIO/EE和NIO/ME处理显著提高了未配制提取物的凋亡率（P<0.0001）。然而，NIO/DOXO的细胞毒性明显低于DOXO。提取物显著抑制了两种细胞系的迁移（P<0.0001）。在所有用含有NIO/EE和NIO/ME的脂质体制剂处理的两种细胞系中，FAS表达增加（****P<0.0001），波形蛋白、蜗牛和JNK-2基因的表达水平降低（***P<0.001，****P<0.0001），这证实了包封提取物诱导凋亡和抑制迁移。该研究旨在评估脂质体包裹柠檬皮提取物和阿霉素对乳腺癌细胞增强的抗癌活性的有效性。进一步的研究将揭示提取物在动物模型中的体内作用。
