The O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health, Georgetown Law Center, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
Georgetown Law Center, Washington, DC.
Fertil Steril. 2020 May;113(5):908-915. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.015. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
Gestational surrogacy, made possible with the introduction of in vitro fertilization, has expanded family building options while introducing novel challenges to established legal principles involving constitutional, contract, and family law as well as duty of care and negligence. Both legislatures and courts have grappled with how to apply these sometimes-competing areas of law to protect participants and professionals, and to create legally secure families. This article explores the following: the Constitutionally protected rights of privacy and reproductive autonomy of gestational surrogates; Contract Law principles that govern surrogacy contracts; the varied ways states have extended Family Law to establish legally recognized parent-child relationships between intended parents and children born to gestational surrogates; and the legal duties of care medical professionals owe to their patients.
代孕，通过引入体外受精而成为可能，在扩大家庭生育选择的同时，也给涉及宪法、合同和家庭法以及注意义务和过失的既定法律原则带来了新的挑战。立法机关和法院都在努力探索如何将这些有时相互竞争的法律领域应用于保护参与者和专业人员，并创建合法安全的家庭。本文探讨了以下内容：代孕者受宪法保护的隐私权和生殖自主权；管辖代孕合同的合同法原则；各州为建立法律认可的亲子关系而将家庭法延伸至代孕所生子女的各种方式；以及医疗专业人员对其患者的法律注意义务。
