Current approaches to the integration of sex- and gender-specific medicine in teaching: a qualitative expert survey.

Although criteria and recommendations for the successful integration of sex- and gender-sensitive aspects in medical teaching have already been published, only a few medical faculties in Germany have conducted the systematic integration of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine. The aim of this expert survey, therefore, was to describe the current approaches to the integration of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine in teaching in the sense of Good Practice. Between April and June 2018, guided interviews were conducted with nine experts in the field of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine. Each of the experts had had experience of implementing sex- and gender-sensitive medicine at their universities. The expert interviews were then evaluated by means of quality content analysis, and frequency analyses were carried out. Aspects of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine were integrated both longitudinally and selectively into the compulsory curriculum or elective fields of various medical, health and nursing science courses. In the opinion of the experts, medical studies should promote the students' gender sensitivity and in particular impart knowledge about the psychosocial and biological aspects of sex- and gender-related differences and sex- and gender-sensitive communication. For the methodological implementation of the integrated contents, didactic resources were partly adapted or developed. The players in the implementation process were confronted with various challenges, e.g. the involvement of the lecturers, the perception of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine as a women's theme as well as ensuring the sustainable integration of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine, which is also structurally anchored in the faculty. Aspects of the curricular integration (e.g. evidence-basing, relevance in examinations) and the structural anchoring (e.g. central organization, staff availability) were mentioned i.a. as being crucial for success. A combination of top-down and bottom-up processes, e.g. by involving the faculty management but also by supporting student initiatives, was described as conducive to success. The depicted approaches to the integration of sex- and gender-sensitive teaching contents give insight as to how sex- and gender-sensitive medicine can be integrated into the curricula. The interviews with the experts point to current themes related to sex- and gender-sensitive medicine and didactic resources. Moreover, it becomes clear which challenges are to be expected for the integration of sex- and gender-sensitive medicine in teaching and how these can be addressed. Particularly the involvement of the faculty's lecturers but also the sustainable integration and continual quality assurance of sex- and gender-sensitive contents present challenges of a crucial nature.