低出生体重/早产儿青少年中注意缺陷不同时间模式的执行和非执行功能。
Executive and non-executive functions in low birthweight/preterm adolescents with differing temporal patterns of inattention.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America.
Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 24;15(4):e0231648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231648. eCollection 2020.
OBJECTIVE
This study assesses whether low birthweight/preterm (LBW/PT) adolescents with persistent inattention (PIA) have neuropsychological deficits that distinguish them from adolescents with school age limited inattention (SAL) and those largely unaffected (UA).
METHOD
Three latent classes (PIA, SAL, UA), derived from an earlier analysis of a LBW/PT birth cohort were compared on non-executive and executive functioning measures assessed at age 16.
RESULTS
The PIA class displayed the poorest performance on executive functioning, which was exaggerated in the context of lower IQ. The PIA and the SAL classes had poorer performance on non-executive functioning relative to the UA class. Both types of functioning mediated the relationship of class to school service use and grade retention.
CONCLUSION
Neuropsychological impairment characterizes children and adolescents with inattention problems. Problems in executive functioning characterize the subset whose inattention persists through adolescence. Subsequent research can examine the potential for remediating these deficits to address academic and social problems.
目的
本研究评估了具有持续性注意力不集中（PIA）的低出生体重/早产（LBW/PT）青少年是否存在神经认知缺陷，这些缺陷将他们与具有学龄期注意力有限（SAL）和受影响较小（UA）的青少年区分开来。
方法
从 LBW/PT 出生队列的早期分析中得出的三个潜在类别（PIA、SAL、UA），在 16 岁时进行非执行和执行功能评估。
结果
PIA 类在执行功能方面表现最差，在智商较低的情况下更为明显。PIA 和 SAL 类在非执行功能方面的表现相对于 UA 类较差。这两种功能都介导了班级与学校服务使用和年级留级之间的关系。
结论
神经认知障碍是具有注意力问题的儿童和青少年的特征。执行功能障碍是注意力持续到青春期的亚组的特征。后续研究可以检验这些缺陷的修复潜力，以解决学业和社会问题。
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