Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Suite A-1106 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Apr 22;12(4):269. doi: 10.3390/toxins12040269.
Blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia are focal dystonias characterized by involuntary and often patterned, repetitive muscle contractions. There is a long history of medical and surgical therapies, with the current first-line therapy, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), becoming standard of care in 1989. This comprehensive review utilized MEDLINE and PubMed and provides an overview of the history of these focal dystonias, BoNT, and the use of toxin to treat them. We present the levels of clinical evidence for each toxin for both, focal dystonias and offer guidance for muscle and site selection as well as dosing.
眼睑痉挛和口下颌肌张力障碍是局灶性肌张力障碍，表现为不自主的、常为模式化的、重复性肌肉收缩。其治疗方法有很长的历史，包括医学和手术治疗，目前的一线治疗方法，肉毒神经毒素（BoNT），于 1989 年成为标准治疗方法。本综述全面检索了 MEDLINE 和 PubMed，概述了这些局灶性肌张力障碍、BoNT 的历史，以及使用毒素治疗它们的情况。我们为每一种毒素在治疗局灶性肌张力障碍方面的临床证据水平提供了评估，并为肌肉和注射部位的选择以及剂量提供了指导。
