Center for Diabetes Translation Research (Drs Haire-Joshu and Tabak and Mss Phad and Johnston), Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research (Dr Haire-Joshu), and Prevention Research Center (Drs Morshed and Tabak), the Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2021;27(2):154-165. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001159.
The purpose of this review was to use RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) to assess the extent to which weight gain prevention studies targeting young adults reported on elements of external validity.
Systematic review.
Articles of interest included a lifestyle/behavioral intervention targeting weight gain prevention. Eligibility criteria included the following: study design of randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized control trials, or natural experiments; average participant age between 18 and 35 years; study duration of at least 12 months; and published in English between January 2008 and May 2018. Studies had to report weight or body mass index as a measured outcome and were excluded if they were paired with smoking cessation programs, were conducted in specific groups (ie, pregnant women, breast cancer survivors), or were follow-ups to weight loss studies.
After removing duplicates, the search yielded 11426 articles. Titles and abstracts were screened by 1 reviewer; 144 articles were assessed in a full-text review by 2 reviewers. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Nine studies (13 articles) were included in the review.
Reported elements of the RE-AIM framework.
A total of 9 studies met the selection criteria. All studies lacked full reporting on external validity elements. Of the total of 60 RE-AIM reporting criteria, 8 were reported by all 9 studies, 26 criteria were reported by fewer than 4 studies, and 22 criteria were not reported by any of the studies.
There remains inadequate reporting of elements of external validity and generalizability in weight gain prevention studies. This is a significant scientific constraint that limits the information required to disseminate and implement prevention of weight gain interventions for population impact. Standardized reporting may be needed to ensure results that demonstrate not only internal validity but also external validity and generalizability are needed to promote public health impact.
本研究旨在运用 RE-AIM（涵盖范围、效果、采用、实施和维持）框架评估针对年轻成年人的体重增加预防研究报告外部有效性的程度。
系统综述。
本研究纳入了以生活方式/行为干预为基础的体重增加预防研究。纳入标准包括：随机对照试验、类随机对照试验或自然实验的研究设计；参与者平均年龄在 18 至 35 岁之间；研究持续时间至少 12 个月；发表于 2008 年 1 月至 2018 年 5 月期间的英文文献。研究必须报告体重或身体质量指数作为测量结果，如果研究与戒烟计划相结合、针对特定人群（如孕妇、乳腺癌幸存者）开展或作为减肥研究的后续研究，则将被排除在外。
在去除重复项后，搜索共产生 11426 篇文章。由 1 位评审员筛选标题和摘要，2 位评审员对 144 篇全文进行评估。意见分歧通过共识解决。共有 9 项研究（13 篇文章）纳入综述。
报告的 RE-AIM 框架内容。
共有 9 项研究符合选择标准。所有研究均缺乏对外部有效性要素的充分报告。在总共 60 项 RE-AIM 报告标准中，有 8 项被 9 项研究全部报告，26 项标准被少于 4 项研究报告，22 项标准未被任何研究报告。
体重增加预防研究仍存在外部有效性和推广性要素报告不足的问题。这是一个重大的科学限制，限制了传播和实施针对人群影响的体重增加预防干预所需的信息。可能需要标准化报告，以确保不仅能展示内部有效性，还能展示外部有效性和推广性，从而促进公共卫生的影响。
