Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr Cancer. 2021;73(3):433-441. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1756354. Epub 2020 Apr 25.
Despite the favorable association of components of "dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)" diet and breast cancer (BC), limited data are available linking the whole DASH diet to BC. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between adherence to DASH eating plan and odds of BC in Iranian women. This population-based case-control study was conducted among women aged ≥30 years, who were residing in Isfahan, Iran. Cases were 350 patients with newly diagnosed stage I-IV breast cancer, for whom in-situ or invasive status of BC was confirmed by physical examination and mammography. Controls were 700 age-matched apparently healthy individuals who were randomly selected from general population. Dietary data were collected using a validated 106-item Willett-format semi-quantitative dish-based food frequency questionnaire. To investigate participants' adherence to DASH diet, we created DASH scores based on foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. After controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest quartile of the DASH diet score had 85% lower odds of breast cancer than women in the bottom quartile (OR: 0.15; 95% CIs: 0.09-0.24). Stratified analysis by menopausal status revealed such association in postmenopausal women (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.06-0.19), but not in premenopausal women (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.14-2.59). In addition, when stratified by BMI status, we found statistically significant inverse association between adherence to the DASH eating pattern and odds of breast cancer among normal-weight (OR for comparing extreme quartiles: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.07-0.24; -trend < 0.001) and obese women (0.13; 0.05-0.34; -trend < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings indicated an inverse association between adherence to the DASH eating plan and odds of breast cancer among Iranian women. Further, prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
尽管“停止高血压的饮食方法 (DASH)”饮食的成分与乳腺癌 (BC) 之间存在有利关联，但将整个 DASH 饮食与 BC 联系起来的数据有限。本研究的目的是检验 DASH 饮食模式与伊朗女性患 BC 的几率之间的关系。这项基于人群的病例对照研究在伊朗伊斯法罕的年龄≥30 岁的女性中进行。病例组为 350 名新诊断为 I-IV 期乳腺癌的患者，通过体格检查和乳房 X 线照相术确认了 BC 的原位或浸润状态。对照组为 700 名年龄匹配的、从一般人群中随机选择的无明显健康问题的个体。通过使用经过验证的 106 项基于威莱特格式的半定量碟式食物频率问卷收集饮食数据。为了研究参与者对 DASH 饮食的依从性，我们根据 DASH 饮食中强调或最小化的食物和营养素创建了 DASH 评分。在控制了潜在的混杂因素后，DASH 饮食评分最高四分位的个体患乳腺癌的几率比最低四分位的个体低 85%（OR：0.15；95%CI：0.09-0.24）。按绝经状态分层分析显示，这种关联仅见于绝经后女性（OR：0.11；95%CI：0.06-0.19），而在绝经前女性中则不然（OR：0.60；95%CI：0.14-2.59）。此外，按 BMI 状态分层时，我们发现 DASH 饮食模式的依从性与正常体重（比较极端四分位数的 OR：0.13；95%CI：0.07-0.24；-趋势<0.001）和肥胖女性（0.13；0.05-0.34；-趋势<0.001）乳腺癌几率之间存在统计学上显著的负相关。总之，我们的研究结果表明，伊朗女性 DASH 饮食模式的依从性与乳腺癌几率之间呈负相关。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来证实我们的发现。
