Kukkala Aija S, Moilanen Atte
1Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
2Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Landsc Ecol. 2017;32(1):5-14. doi: 10.1007/s10980-016-0446-y. Epub 2016 Sep 26.
Spatial conservation prioritization (SCP) concerns, for example, identification of spatial priorities for biodiversity conservation or for impact avoidance in economic development. Software useable for SCP include Marxan, C-Plan and Zonation. SCP is often based on data about the distributions of biodiversity features (e.g., species, habitats), costs, threats, and/or ecosystem services (ES).
At simplest ES can be entered into a SCP analysis as independent supply maps, but this is not very satisfactory because connectivity requirements and consequent ideal spatial priority patterns may vary between ES. Therefore, we examine different ES and their connectivity requirements at the conceptual level.
We find that the ideal spatial priority pattern for ES may differ in terms of: local supply area size and regional network requirements for the maintenance of ES provision, for flow between provision and demand, and with respect to the degree of dispersion that is needed for ES provision and access across different administrative regions. We then identify existing technical options in the Zonation software for dealing with such connectivity requirements of ES in SCP.
This work helps users of SCP to improve how ES are accounted for in analysis together with biodiversity and other considerations.
空间保护优先级设定（SCP）涉及，例如，确定生物多样性保护或经济发展中避免影响的空间优先级。可用于SCP的软件包括Marxan、C-Plan和Zonation。SCP通常基于关于生物多样性特征（如物种、栖息地）分布、成本、威胁和/或生态系统服务（ES）的数据。
最简单的情况下，生态系统服务可以作为独立的供应地图输入到SCP分析中，但这并不十分令人满意，因为不同生态系统服务之间的连通性要求以及由此产生的理想空间优先级模式可能会有所不同。因此，我们在概念层面研究了不同的生态系统服务及其连通性要求。
我们发现，生态系统服务的理想空间优先级模式可能在以下方面有所不同：维持生态系统服务供应的本地供应区域大小和区域网络要求、供应与需求之间的流动，以及不同行政区之间生态系统服务供应和获取所需的分散程度。然后，我们确定了Zonation软件中用于处理SCP中生态系统服务此类连通性要求的现有技术选项。
这项工作有助于SCP的用户改进在分析中如何将生态系统服务与生物多样性及其他因素一起考虑。
