Darmawan Mulyanto, Simamora Debora Christi, Nahib Irmadi, Ramadhani Fadhlullah, Sutrisno Dewayany, Amhar Fahmi, Ramdhan Muhammad, Safitri Sitarani, Sutejo Bayu, Arifin Samsul, Agus Syamsul Bahri
Research Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
Department of Marine Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor Institute of Agriculture, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
PeerJ. 2025 Apr 29;13:e19292. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19292. eCollection 2025.
This study investigates the application of remote sensing technologies to identify the biophysical characteristics of marine ecosystems for spatial planning, focusing on optimal conservation scenarios within the Raja Ampat Marine Protected Area (MPA) on Arefi Island, Southwest Papua, Indonesia. Indigenous communities manage this area. WorldView-3 satellite imagery, combined with an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach, was used to classify and map coastal ecosystems. A Marine Reserve Design using the Spatially Explicit Annealing (Marxan) model was applied to delineate conservation areas and propose zoning strategies. Based on ecological values (EV), three scenarios were tested to prioritize conservation features while ensuring sustainable ecosystem use. Image analysis revealed that Arefi Island's coastal ecosystems cover 64.78 hectares, consisting of seagrass beds (45.41%), coral reefs (36.35%), and mangroves (18.24%), with a kappa accuracy of 0.82. Results indicate that EV3 selects the highest number of planning units, ensuring broader conservation coverage, while EV1 selects the fewest. EV2 is the most budget-friendly option with the lowest cost, whereas EV3 is the most expensive. Ecological Scenario II provided a balanced approach, allocating larger areas for local community use while preserving conservation integrity. Moreover, sensitivity analysis confirmed that a conservation objective targeting 40% of the total area (EV II) is the most effective model for Arefi Island. The zoning breakdown under this scenario includes a core zone of 19.53 hectares, a utilization zone of 15.96 hectares, a sustainable fisheries zone of 15.67 hectares, and other zones covering 92.89 hectares. This study highlights the effectiveness of remote sensing and spatial planning tools, such as Marxan, in marine conservation within indigenously managed areas, emphasizing the importance of balancing conservation efforts with sustainable community use for future planning.
本研究调查了遥感技术在识别海洋生态系统生物物理特征以进行空间规划方面的应用，重点关注印度尼西亚西南巴布亚省阿雷菲岛拉贾安帕特海洋保护区（MPA）内的最佳保护方案。该地区由当地社区管理。研究使用了WorldView - 3卫星图像，并结合基于对象的图像分析（OBIA）方法对沿海生态系统进行分类和制图。运用基于空间明确退火（Marxan）模型的海洋保护区设计来划定保护区并提出分区策略。基于生态价值（EV），测试了三种方案，以在确保生态系统可持续利用的同时，对保护特征进行优先级排序。图像分析显示，阿雷菲岛的沿海生态系统面积为64.78公顷，包括海草床（45.41%）、珊瑚礁（36.35%）和红树林（18.24%），卡帕精度为0.82。结果表明，EV3选择的规划单元数量最多，确保了更广泛的保护范围，而EV1选择的最少。EV2是成本最低、最经济实惠的方案，而EV3成本最高。生态方案二提供了一种平衡的方法，在为当地社区留出较大使用区域的同时，保持了保护的完整性。此外，敏感性分析证实，以总面积的40%为保护目标（EV II）对阿雷菲岛来说是最有效的模型。在此方案下的分区细目包括核心区19.53公顷、利用区15.96公顷、可持续渔业区15.67公顷以及其他区域92.89公顷。本研究强调了遥感和空间规划工具（如Marxan）在当地社区管理区域海洋保护中的有效性，强调了在未来规划中平衡保护工作与社区可持续利用的重要性。
