Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 110113, China; School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Dongcheng District Administration Center of Community Health Service, Beijing, 100010, China.
Chemosphere. 2020 Sep;254:126843. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126843. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
In a 3-day duplicate diet study of a nursing mother-infant cohort (n = 20), the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), and 5 novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were measured in 60 24-h duplicate diet samples and 20 breast milk samples provided by the mothers. The dietary BFR intake and related health risks of the mothers and their babies due to food consumption or human milk ingestion were subsequently assessed. At median concentrations of 284, 264 and 177 pg/g wet weight (ww) in the diet, decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and HBCDD were predominant among the total BFRs. In human milk, HBCDD was the most abundant BFR, followed by BDE-209 and DBDPE, which indicates that BDE-209 and HBCDD have remained ubiquitous in the environment because of their continuous production and use in China. Meanwhile, concentrations of DBDPE were comparative to those of PBDEs and HBCDD in both diet and human milk, and DBDPE also had much higher concentrations than any other NBFRs, which indicates that the BFR consumption pattern in China is shifting from legacy BFRs to NBFRs. The median estimated dietary intakes (EDIs) of BDE-209, HBCDD and DBDPE for the mothers were 6.83, 3.73 and 5.44 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, and EDIs for their nursing babies were 24.7, 41.9 and 7.83 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. The nursing infants showed higher BFR body burden than the mothers. However, the EDIs obtained for both mothers and their babies discloses a low health risk to this mother-infant cohort.
在一项针对哺乳期母婴队列（n=20）的为期 3 天的重复饮食研究中，在 60 份 24 小时重复饮食样本和 20 份由母亲提供的母乳样本中测量了多溴二苯醚 (PBDEs)、六溴环十二烷 (HBCDD) 和 5 种新型溴化阻燃剂 (BFRs) 的水平。随后评估了母亲及其婴儿因食物消费或人乳摄入而摄入膳食 BFR 以及相关健康风险。在饮食中，十溴二苯醚 (BDE-209)、十溴二苯乙烷 (DBDPE) 和 HBCDD 的浓度中位数分别为 284、264 和 177 pg/g 湿重 (ww)，在总 BFR 中占主导地位。在母乳中，HBCDD 是最丰富的 BFR，其次是 BDE-209 和 DBDPE，这表明 BDE-209 和 HBCDD 由于在中国的持续生产和使用，仍然在环境中无处不在。同时，DBDPE 在饮食和母乳中的浓度与 PBDEs 和 HBCDD 相当，且 DBDPE 的浓度也远高于其他任何新型 BFR，这表明中国的 BFR 消费模式正在从传统 BFR 向新型 BFR 转变。母亲的 BDE-209、HBCDD 和 DBDPE 的估计膳食摄入量 (EDI) 中位数分别为 6.83、3.73 和 5.44 ng/kg bw/day，而她们的哺乳期婴儿的 EDI 分别为 24.7、41.9 和 7.83 ng/kg bw/day。哺乳期婴儿的 BFR 体内负荷高于母亲。然而，获得的 EDI 表明，对于这个母婴队列来说，健康风险较低。
