Zhao Xuezhen, Lyu Bing, Zhang Lei, Li Jingguang, Zhao Yunfeng, Wu Yongning, Shi Zhixiong
School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China.
Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Feb 5;443(Pt A):130223. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130223. Epub 2022 Oct 21.
Based on the 6th China Total Diet Study (CTDS) conducted in 2016-2019, the occurrence of both legacy and novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs) was measured in animal-derived foods collected across China. Most BFRs could be frequently detected in food samples, indicating their ubiquity in the environment. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a typical novel BFR, presented the highest contamination level, whereas legacy BFRs, including decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), still presented high detection frequencies and relatively abundant proportions in total BFRs. Compared with previous CTDSs conducted from 2007 to 2011, the levels and estimated dietary intakes (EDIs) of most BFRs showed a significant downtrend, which suggested that flame retardant consumption in China has transferred from legacy BFRs to novel BFRs (mainly DBDPE) and from BFRs to other kinds of flame retardants. Based on probabilistic estimation, the median EDIs of mainly used BFRs for the Chinese population ranged from 41.0 to 1.67 × 10 pg/kg bw/day, and meat consumption was the primary source in dietary BFR intake. By conducting the margin of exposure (MOE) approach or comparing with the reference dose (RfD), it can be concluded that daily dietary intakes of BFRs were still unable to cause significant health risks to the general population in China.
基于2016 - 2019年开展的第六届中国总膳食研究（CTDS），对中国各地采集的动物源性食品中传统及新型溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）的存在情况进行了测定。大多数溴化阻燃剂在食品样本中均可频繁检测到，表明其在环境中广泛存在。典型的新型溴化阻燃剂十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）呈现出最高的污染水平，而包括十溴二苯醚（BDE - 209）、四溴双酚A（TBBPA）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）在内的传统溴化阻燃剂，在总溴化阻燃剂中仍呈现出高检测频率和相对较高的占比。与2007年至2011年开展的前几届中国总膳食研究相比，大多数溴化阻燃剂的含量水平及估计膳食摄入量（EDIs）呈显著下降趋势，这表明中国阻燃剂的消费已从传统溴化阻燃剂转向新型溴化阻燃剂（主要是DBDPE），并从溴化阻燃剂转向其他类型的阻燃剂。基于概率估计，中国人群主要使用的溴化阻燃剂的中位数估计膳食摄入量范围为41.0至1.67×10 pg/kg体重/天，肉类消费是膳食中溴化阻燃剂摄入的主要来源。通过进行暴露边际（MOE）分析或与参考剂量（RfD）进行比较，可以得出结论，中国普通人群的每日膳食溴化阻燃剂摄入量仍不会对健康造成重大风险。
