Nitschke Amanda, Deonandan Raywat, Konkle Anne Tm
University of Ottawa, Canada.
Autism. 2020 Aug;24(6):1328-1344. doi: 10.1177/1362361320913364. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
Gastrointestinal distress and gut microbial imbalances are commonly found in children with autism spectrum disorder, and therefore may play a key role in the development of the disorder. This scoping review aimed to examine the extent, range and nature of research conducted in the past 6 years that focused on furthering our understanding of autism spectrum disorder and its association with gut microbiota. A literature review was performed with predetermined key words. Studies were screened and selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 19 studies were included for final analysis. While there are continuous reports of differences in gut microbiota between autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical individuals, knowledge about the consistency in the presence and abundance of bacterial species, as well as metabolites, remains deficient. Treatments such as special diets, vitamin, prebiotic, probiotic, and microbiota transfer therapy show promising therapeutic potential, yet are in their infancy of investigation. Overall, further research with rigorous methodologies is required to support and strengthen the reliability of existing findings. Future research should aim to increase sample sizes, eliminate biases, and subgroup autism spectrum disorder groups to help accommodate for inter-individual variation. As increasing evidence of a unique autism spectrum disorder microbiome and metabolome is acquired, autism spectrum disorder-specific biomarkers can be identified. These biomarkers have great implications in terms of elucidating the molecular mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder, preventing the onset of autism spectrum disorder, and improving treatments for individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
胃肠道不适和肠道微生物失衡在自闭症谱系障碍儿童中很常见，因此可能在该疾病的发展中起关键作用。本综述旨在研究过去6年中开展的研究的范围、广度和性质，这些研究聚焦于加深我们对自闭症谱系障碍及其与肠道微生物群关系的理解。使用预先确定的关键词进行文献综述。根据既定的纳入和排除标准对研究进行筛选和选择。最终纳入19项研究进行分析。虽然不断有报道称自闭症谱系障碍患者与神经典型个体的肠道微生物群存在差异，但关于细菌种类以及代谢物的存在和丰度的一致性的知识仍然不足。特殊饮食、维生素、益生元、益生菌和微生物群转移疗法等治疗方法显示出有前景的治疗潜力，但仍处于研究初期。总体而言，需要采用严格方法进行进一步研究，以支持和加强现有研究结果的可靠性。未来的研究应旨在增加样本量、消除偏差，并对自闭症谱系障碍群体进行亚组划分，以帮助适应个体间的差异。随着越来越多关于独特的自闭症谱系障碍微生物组和代谢组的证据被发现，可以识别出自闭症谱系障碍特异性生物标志物。这些生物标志物在阐明自闭症谱系障碍的分子机制、预防自闭症谱系障碍的发生以及改善自闭症谱系障碍患者的治疗方面具有重要意义。
