Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20459 Hamburg, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 24;17(8):2941. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082941.
In this study, we investigated health-relevant job characteristics of social workers in ambulatory youth welfare services, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Based on a systematic literature review, expert workshops, and focus group discussions with 9 experts of the target group, we identified target group-specific job demands and job resources, which we compiled into a questionnaire using content-valid scales. The target group-specific survey tool comprises 9 scales for assessing job demands and 10 scales for assessing job resources. Analyses of data from 209 social workers demonstrated desirable psychometric properties and substantial correlations of the scales with coping behaviours and indicators of employee well-being. The scales for assessing job demands were negatively related to psychological well-being and job satisfaction and positively related to burnout and depressiveness. The scales for assessing job resources showed positive correlations with indicators of positive well-being and negative correlations with indicators of impaired well-being. Regression analyses revealed that job resources explained a higher amount of variance in the positive well-being indicators compared to job demands. The study identified a broad range of health-relevant job characteristics for social workers in ambulatory youth welfare. Applying the target group-specific survey tool allows organisations to derive suitable implications for the design of health promotion programs.
本研究采用定性和定量相结合的方法，调查了流动青年福利服务中社会工作者的与健康相关的工作特征。基于系统的文献回顾、专家研讨会以及与 9 名目标群体专家的焦点小组讨论，我们确定了特定于目标群体的工作需求和工作资源，并使用内容有效的量表将其编制成问卷。目标群体特定的调查工具包括 9 个用于评估工作需求的量表和 10 个用于评估工作资源的量表。对 209 名社会工作者数据的分析表明，该量表具有良好的心理测量学特性，并且与应对行为和员工幸福感的指标之间存在显著相关性。评估工作需求的量表与心理幸福感和工作满意度呈负相关，与倦怠和抑郁呈正相关。评估工作资源的量表与积极幸福感的指标呈正相关，与受损幸福感的指标呈负相关。回归分析表明，与工作需求相比，工作资源可以更好地解释积极幸福感指标的变化。该研究确定了流动青年福利服务中社会工作者的一系列广泛的与健康相关的工作特征。应用特定于目标群体的调查工具可以为设计健康促进计划提供合适的依据。
