Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Apr 25;12(5):1206. doi: 10.3390/nu12051206.
The influence of dietary sodium and potassium on blood pressure (BP) has been extensively studied, however their impact on endothelial function, particularly any interactive effects, has received less attention. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary potassium can offset the deleterious effect of high dietary sodium on endothelial function independent of BP. Thirty-three adults with salt-resistant BP (16 M and 17 F; 27 ± 1 year) completed seven days each of the following diets in a random order: a moderate potassium/low sodium diet (65 mmol potassium/50 mmol sodium; MK/LS), a moderate potassium/high sodium diet (65mmol potassium/300 mmol sodium; MK/HS) and a high potassium/high sodium (120 mmol potassium/300 mmol sodium; HK/HS). On day seven of each diet, 24-h ambulatory BP and a urine collection were performed. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured in response to reactive hyperemia. Between diets, 24-h BP was unchanged confirming salt resistance ( > 0.05). Sodium excretion increased on both HS diets compared to MK/LS ( < 0.05) and potassium excretion was increased on the HK diet compared to MK/LS and MK/HS ( < 0.05) confirming diet compliance. FMD was lower in MK/HS (5.4 ± 0.5%) compared to MK/LS (6.7 ± 0.5%; < 0.05) and HK/HS (6.4 ± 0.5%), while there was no difference between the MK/LS and HK/HS diets ( > 0.05). These data suggest that dietary potassium provides vascular protection against the deleterious effects of high dietary sodium by restoring conduit artery function.
饮食中钠和钾对血压（BP）的影响已经得到了广泛的研究，然而，它们对内皮功能的影响，特别是任何相互作用的影响，却受到了较少的关注。本研究的目的是确定饮食钾是否可以抵消高饮食钠对内皮功能的有害影响，而不依赖于血压。33 名盐抵抗性血压（16 名男性和 17 名女性；27 ± 1 岁）的成年人以随机顺序完成以下七种饮食中的每一种，持续七天：中等钾/低钠饮食（65mmol 钾/50mmol 钠；MK/LS），中等钾/高钠饮食（65mmol 钾/300mmol 钠；MK/HS）和高钾/高钠饮食（120mmol 钾/300mmol 钠；HK/HS）。在每种饮食的第七天，进行 24 小时动态血压监测和尿液采集。肱动脉血流介导的扩张（FMD）在反应性充血时进行测量。在饮食之间，24 小时血压没有变化，证实了盐抵抗（>0.05）。与 MK/LS 相比，HS 饮食中的钠排泄增加（<0.05），与 MK/LS 和 MK/HS 相比，HK 饮食中的钾排泄增加（<0.05），证实了饮食的依从性。与 MK/LS（6.7 ± 0.5%）和 HK/HS（6.4 ± 0.5%）相比，MK/HS（5.4 ± 0.5%）的 FMD 较低，而 MK/LS 和 HK/HS 之间没有差异（>0.05）。这些数据表明，饮食钾通过恢复管腔动脉功能提供了对高饮食钠的有害影响的血管保护。
