Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 2;15(11):2618. doi: 10.3390/nu15112618.
Pathophysiological conditions such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, characterized by low nitric oxide bioavailability, deficient endothelium-dependent vasodilation and heart effort, predispose individuals to atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac events. Nitrate (NO), L-arginine, L-citrulline and potassium (K) can mitigate arterial dysfunction and stiffness by intensifying NO bioavailability. Dietary compounds such as L-arginine, L-citrulline, NO and K exert vasoactive effects as demonstrated in clinical interventions by noninvasive flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) prognostic techniques. Daily L-arginine intakes ranging from 4.5 to 21 g lead to increased FMD and reduced PWV responses. Isolated L-citrulline intake of at least 5.6 g has a better effect compared to watermelon extract, which is only effective on endothelial function when supplemented for longer than 6 weeks and contains at least 6 g of L-citrulline. NO supplementation employing beetroot at doses greater than 370 mg promotes hemodynamic effects through the NO-NO2-/NO pathway, a well-documented effect. A potassium intake of 1.5 g/day can restore endothelial function and arterial mobility, where decreased vascular tone takes place via ATPase pump/hyperpolarization and natriuresis, leading to muscle relaxation and NO release. These dietary interventions, alone or synergically, can ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and should be considered as adjuvant therapies in cardiovascular diseases.
病理生理条件，如内皮功能障碍和动脉僵硬，其特征是一氧化氮生物利用度降低、内皮依赖性血管舒张和心脏做功不足，使个体易患动脉粥样硬化病变和心脏事件。硝酸盐（NO）、L-精氨酸、L-瓜氨酸和钾（K）可以通过增强 NO 生物利用度来减轻动脉功能障碍和僵硬。膳食化合物，如 L-精氨酸、L-瓜氨酸、NO 和 K，通过非侵入性血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）和脉搏波速度（PWV）预测技术的临床干预，表现出血管活性作用。每日 L-精氨酸摄入量从 4.5 克到 21 克不等，可导致 FMD 增加和 PWV 反应降低。与西瓜提取物相比，至少 5.6 克的单独 L-瓜氨酸摄入效果更好，西瓜提取物只有在补充超过 6 周且含有至少 6 克 L-瓜氨酸时才对内皮功能有效。剂量大于 370 毫克的甜菜根补充 NO，可以通过 NO-NO2-/NO 途径促进血液动力学效应，这是一种有充分记录的效应。每天 1.5 克的钾摄入量可以恢复内皮功能和动脉活动性，其中血管张力降低通过 ATPase 泵/超极化和利钠作用发生，导致肌肉松弛和 NO 释放。这些饮食干预措施单独或协同作用可以改善内皮功能障碍，应被视为心血管疾病的辅助治疗方法。
