Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain.
CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid28029, Spain.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Apr;24(6):1372-1384. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004993. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
The objective was to evaluate maternal Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern adherence during pregnancy and its association with small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm birth. A secondary objective of the current study was to describe the sociodemographic, lifestyle and obstetric profile of the mothers studied as well as the most relevant paternal and newborn characteristics.
The current study is a two-phase retrospective population-based study of maternal dietary habits during pregnancy and their effect on newborn size and prematurity. The descriptive first phase examined maternal dietary habits during pregnancy along with the maternal sociodemographic, lifestyle and obstetric profile in a cross-sectional period study. In the second phase, newborn outcomes were evaluated in a nested case-control study. Adherence to MD during pregnancy was measured with the Spanish version of Kidmed index.
Obstetrics ward of the La Fe Hospital in Valencia.
All mother-child pairs admitted after delivery during a 12-month period starting from January 2018 were assessed for eligibility. A total of 1118 provided complete outcome data after signing informed consent.
14·5 % met the criteria of poor adherence (PA); 34·8 %, medium adherence (MA); and 50·7 %, optimal adherence (OA). Medium adherence to MD was associated in the adjusted scenarios with a higher risk of giving birth to a preterm newborn. No association was found between MD adherence and SGA.
Early intervention programmes geared towards pregnant women, where women were aided in reaching OA to MD, might reduce the risk of preterm newborn.
评估孕妇地中海饮食模式（MD）的依从性及其与胎儿生长受限（SGA）和早产的关系。本研究的次要目的是描述研究中母亲的社会人口学、生活方式和产科特征，以及最相关的父亲和新生儿特征。
本研究是一项回顾性的、基于人群的、两阶段研究，旨在研究孕妇妊娠期间的饮食习惯及其对新生儿大小和早产的影响。第一阶段是描述性的，在横断面研究中检查了孕妇妊娠期间的饮食习惯以及母亲的社会人口学、生活方式和产科特征。在第二阶段，在巢式病例对照研究中评估了新生儿结局。采用西班牙版 Kidmed 指数评估孕妇 MD 的依从性。
瓦伦西亚 La Fe 医院的产科病房。
所有在 2018 年 1 月开始的 12 个月分娩后入院的母婴对都进行了评估，以确定是否符合入选标准。共有 1118 对母婴在签署知情同意书后提供了完整的结局数据。
14.5%的孕妇符合 MD 依从性差（PA）的标准；34.8%的孕妇符合 MD 依从性中等（MA）的标准；50.7%的孕妇符合 MD 依从性最佳（OA）的标准。调整后的情景中，MD 中等依从性与早产新生儿的风险增加相关。MD 依从性与 SGA 之间没有关联。
针对孕妇的早期干预计划，帮助孕妇达到 MD 的 OA 状态，可能会降低早产的风险。
