Chatzi L, Rifas-Shiman S L, Georgiou V, Joung K E, Koinaki S, Chalkiadaki G, Margioris A, Sarri K, Vassilaki M, Vafeiadi M, Kogevinas M, Mantzoros C, Gillman M W, Oken E
Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Pediatr Obes. 2017 Aug;12 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):47-56. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12191. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
In adults, adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been inversely associated with cardiovascular risk, but the extent to which diet in pregnancy is associated with offspring adiposity is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and offspring cardiometabolic traits in two pregnancy cohorts.
We studied 997 mother-child pairs from Project Viva in Massachusetts, USA, and 569 pairs from the Rhea study in Crete, Greece. We estimated adherence to the Mediterranean diet with an a priori defined score (MDS) of nine foods and nutrients (0 to 9). We measured child weight, height, waist circumference, skin-fold thicknesses, blood pressure, and blood levels of lipids, c-reactive protein and adipokines in mid-childhood (median 7.7 years) in Viva, and in early childhood (median 4.2 years) in Rhea. We calculated cohort-specific effects and pooled effects estimates with random-effects models for cohort and child age.
In Project Viva, the mean (SD, standard deviation) MDS was 2.7 (1.6); in Rhea it was 3.8 (1.7). In the pooled analysis, for each 3-point increment in the MDS, offspring BMI z-score was lower by 0.14 units (95% CI, -0.15 to -0.13), waist circumference by 0.39 cm (95% CI, -0.64 to -0.14), and the sum of skin-fold thicknesses by 0.63 mm (95% CI, -0.98 to -0.28). We also observed lower offspring systolic (-1.03 mmHg; 95% CI, -1.65 to -0.42) and diastolic blood pressure (-0.57 mmHg; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.16).
Greater adherence to Mediterranean diet during pregnancy may protect against excess offspring cardiometabolic risk.
在成年人中，坚持地中海饮食与心血管风险呈负相关，但孕期饮食与后代肥胖的关联程度尚不清楚。我们旨在调查两个孕期队列中孕期坚持地中海饮食与后代心脏代谢特征之间的关联。
我们研究了来自美国马萨诸塞州“活力项目”的997对母婴，以及来自希腊克里特岛“瑞亚研究”的569对母婴。我们使用预先定义的包含9种食物和营养素（0至9分）的评分（地中海饮食评分）来估计对地中海饮食的依从性。我们在“活力项目”中测量了儿童童年中期（中位数7.7岁）的体重、身高、腰围、皮褶厚度、血压以及血脂、c反应蛋白和脂肪因子的血液水平，在“瑞亚研究”中测量了儿童幼儿期（中位数4.2岁）的上述指标。我们使用队列和儿童年龄的随机效应模型计算特定队列效应和合并效应估计值。
在“活力项目”中，地中海饮食评分的平均值（标准差）为2.7（1.6）；在“瑞亚研究”中为3.8（1.7）。在汇总分析中，地中海饮食评分每增加3分，后代体重指数z评分降低0.14个单位（95%置信区间，-0.15至-0.13），腰围降低0.39厘米（95%置信区间，-0.64至-0.14），皮褶厚度总和降低0.63毫米（95%置信区间，-0.98至-0.28）。我们还观察到后代收缩压（-1.03 mmHg；95%置信区间，-1.65至-0.42）和舒张压（-0.57 mmHg；95%置信区间，-0.98至-0.16）降低。
孕期更严格地坚持地中海饮食可能预防后代心脏代谢风险过高。
