Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity and Women's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020 Jun;301(6):1417-1422. doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05561-y. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
To determine the influence of maternal diets on maternal and umbilical cord blood levels of vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, and hemoglobin.
A prospective observational study on women who maintained the same diet for at least 3 months prior to, and throughout current pregnancy. Women were divided according to their diet. Diet questionnaires were filled in during the 3rd trimester. Blood samples for complete blood counts and levels of ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, and albumin were taken from the women prior to delivery and from the umbilical cord immediately after delivery.
The 273 enrolled women included 112 omnivores, 37 pescatarians, 64 vegetarians, and 60 vegans. There were no significant differences in the maternal B12 levels between the study groups (P = 0.426). Vegans had lower maternal ferritin levels compared to pescatarians (27 ± 17 vs 60 ± 74 ng/ml, respectively, P = 0.034), but not compared to vegetarians (P = 0.597), or omnivores (P = 1.000). There were no significant differences in the umbilical cord B12, folate, ferritin, and hemoglobin levels between the study groups. A sub-analysis that compared women who consumed multivitamins, B12 and iron supplements during pregnancy to women who did not, revealed differences in the levels of umbilical-cord B12 (1002 ± 608 vs 442 ± 151 pg/ml, respectively, P = 0.000) and maternal blood B12 (388 ± 209 vs 219 ± 95 pg/ml, respectively, P = 0.030) only among vegans, but not among omnivores.
Vegan diet does not change the umbilical cord levels of B12, folic acid, ferritin, and hemoglobin. Vegans who do not take any vitamin supplementation are at greater risk for B12 deficiency than omnivores.
确定母体饮食对母体和脐带血中维生素 B12、叶酸、铁蛋白和血红蛋白水平的影响。
这是一项前瞻性观察研究，纳入了至少在怀孕前 3 个月及整个孕期均保持相同饮食的女性。根据饮食将女性分组，并在孕晚期填写饮食问卷。在分娩前和分娩后立即从女性和脐带中采集全血细胞计数及铁蛋白、维生素 B12、叶酸和白蛋白水平的血样。
共纳入 273 名女性，包括 112 名杂食者、37 名食鱼素食者、64 名素食者和 60 名严格素食者。研究组间的母体 B12 水平无显著差异（P = 0.426）。与食鱼素食者相比，严格素食者的母体铁蛋白水平较低（分别为 27 ± 17 和 60 ± 74 ng/ml，P = 0.034），但与素食者（P = 0.597）或杂食者（P = 1.000）相比则无差异。研究组间脐带血 B12、叶酸、铁蛋白和血红蛋白水平无显著差异。对在孕期食用多种维生素、B12 和铁补充剂的女性与未食用的女性进行亚组分析，结果显示仅在严格素食者中，脐带血 B12（分别为 1002 ± 608 和 442 ± 151 pg/ml，P = 0.000）和母体血 B12（分别为 388 ± 209 和 219 ± 95 pg/ml，P = 0.030）水平存在差异，而在杂食者中则无差异。
素食饮食不会改变脐带血中 B12、叶酸、铁蛋白和血红蛋白水平。未服用任何维生素补充剂的严格素食者比杂食者更易发生 B12 缺乏。
