CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro-S. Martinho do Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2024 May 10;16(10):1442. doi: 10.3390/nu16101442.
With a significant portion of the population adopting veganism and conflicting views among nutrition professionals regarding the necessity of vitamin B12 supplementation, this review aims to explore existing studies evaluating interventions through food supplementation. It focuses on the impact of vitamin B12 deficiency across different demographics. The present study seeks to understand how research has addressed the relationship between the rise in veganism and vitamin B12 deficiency over the past decade. A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA flow diagram. Studies from 2010 to 2023 were identified using Boolean operators and key terms in electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EBSCO (Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts, and Academic Search Complete). Out of 217 articles identified, 70 studies were included. The topical analysis categorized the studies into three groups: those associating vitamin B12 deficiency with diseases ( = 14), those analyzing the dietary habits of vegetarian individuals (vegan or not) without a specific focus on vitamin B12 ( = 49), and those addressing food guides and nutrition institution positions ( = 7). The authors concluded that vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent among vegans due to limited consumption of animal products. For vegetarians, supplementation is an efficient means of treating and preventing deficiency; a daily dose of 50 to 100 micrograms is advised. There are still significant gaps in the research, nevertheless, such as the absence of randomized controlled trials evaluating various forms or dosages of vitamin B12 among vegetarians and the requirement for more information and awareness of the vitamin's significance in vegan diets.
由于相当一部分人口采用了素食主义，而且营养专业人士对于是否需要补充维生素 B12 存在分歧，因此本次综述旨在探讨现有的通过食物补充来进行干预的研究。本综述重点关注了不同人群中维生素 B12 缺乏的情况。本研究旨在了解过去十年中，关于素食主义者中维生素 B12 缺乏症的增加，研究是如何解决这一问题的。本研究采用 PRISMA 流程图进行了范围综述。通过布尔运算符和电子数据库（如 PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science 和 EBSCO（图书馆、信息科学和技术摘要以及学术搜索综合）中的关键术语，确定了 2010 年至 2023 年的研究。在确定的 217 篇文章中，有 70 篇被纳入研究。主题分析将这些研究分为三组：与疾病相关的维生素 B12 缺乏症研究（=14）、不专门针对维生素 B12 但分析素食者（素食者或非素食者）饮食习惯的研究（=49），以及解决食物指南和营养机构立场的研究（=7）。作者得出结论，由于动物产品摄入有限，素食者中普遍存在维生素 B12 缺乏症。对于素食者，补充剂是治疗和预防缺乏症的有效方法；建议每日摄入 50 至 100 微克。然而，研究中仍然存在很大的差距，例如缺乏评估素食者中各种形式或剂量的维生素 B12 的随机对照试验，以及需要更多关于维生素在素食饮食中的重要性的信息和意识。
