Department of Psychology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Prev Med. 2020 Jul;136:106103. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106103. Epub 2020 Apr 26.
No studies have examined whether positive emotions lead to favorable cardiovascular health (CVH) early in the lifespan, before cardiovascular disease is diagnosed. Moreover, the direction of the association has not been thoroughly investigated. Among younger adults, we investigated whether baseline positive emotions were associated with better CVH over 20 years. We also considered whether baseline CVH was associated with subsequent positive emotions during the same period. Participants included 4196 Black and White men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Positive emotions and cardiovascular-related parameters were each assessed in 1990 (this study's baseline), with repeated assessment through 2010. CVH was defined by blood pressure, lipids, body mass index, diabetes, and smoking status. Primary analyses used linear mixed effects models adjusting for potential confounders; secondary analyses stratified by race and sex. Controlling for sociodemographic factors, greater baseline positive emotions were associated with better CVH across time (β = 0.03, 95% confidence interval = 0.007-0.06). However, positive emotions were unrelated to rate of change in CVH across time. Baseline CVH was also associated with greater average positive emotions across time (β = 0.09, 95% confidence interval = 0.02-0.15), but not rate of change. Positive emotions' association with CVH was stronger for women than men, but race did not modify associations. Positive emotions in early to middle adulthood were associated with better CVH across several decades. Baseline CVH was also associated with greater positive emotions during follow-up. Future research may be able to disentangle these relationships by assessing positive emotions and CVH earlier in life.
目前尚无研究探讨在心血管疾病确诊之前，生命早期积极情绪是否会对心血管健康（CVH）产生有利影响。此外，两者之间的关联方向也尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在探讨在年轻成年人中，基线时的积极情绪是否与 20 年间更好的 CVH 相关，以及基线时的 CVH 是否与同期内随后的积极情绪相关。参与者包括来自冠状动脉风险发展青年研究的 4196 名黑人和白人男性和女性。1990 年（本研究的基线）评估了积极情绪和心血管相关参数，通过 2010 年的重复评估来评估 CVH。CVH 通过血压、血脂、体重指数、糖尿病和吸烟状况来定义。主要分析使用线性混合效应模型调整潜在混杂因素；次要分析按种族和性别分层。控制社会人口因素后，基线时的积极情绪与随时间推移的更好的 CVH 相关（β=0.03，95%置信区间为 0.007-0.06）。然而，积极情绪与 CVH 随时间的变化率无关。基线 CVH 也与随时间推移的平均积极情绪更高相关（β=0.09，95%置信区间为 0.02-0.15），但与变化率无关。积极情绪与 CVH 的相关性在女性中比男性更强，但种族并未改变这种相关性。在中年早期的积极情绪与几十年间更好的 CVH 相关。基线 CVH 也与随访期间更高的积极情绪相关。未来的研究可能通过在生命早期更早地评估积极情绪和 CVH 来理清这些关系。
