Serio Francesca, Imbriani Giovanni, Girelli Chiara Roberta, Miglietta Pier Paolo, Scortichini Marco, Fanizzi Francesco Paolo
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello, 52, 00134 Roma, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2024 May 22;13(11):1433. doi: 10.3390/plants13111433.
In 2013, an outbreak of (Xf) was identified for the first time in Europe, in the extreme south of Italy (Apulia, Salento territory). The locally identified subspecies turned out to be lethal for olive trees, starting an unprecedented phytosanitary emergency for one of the most iconic cultivations of the Mediterranean area. Xf (Xfp) is responsible for a severe disease, the olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS), spreading epidemically and with dramatic impact on the agriculture, the landscape, the tourism and the cultural heritage of this region. The bacterium, transmitted by insects that feed on xylem sap, causes rapid wilting in olive trees due to biofilm formation, which obstructs the plant xylematic vessels. The aim of this review is to perform a thorough analysis that offers a general overview of the published work, from 2013 to December 2023, related to the Xfp outbreak in Apulia. This latter hereto has killed millions of olive trees and left a ghostly landscape with more than 8000 square kilometers of infected territory, that is 40% of the region. The majority of the research efforts made to date to combat Xfp in olive plants are listed in the present review, starting with the early attempts to identify the bacterium, the investigations to pinpoint and possibly control the vector, the assessment of specific diagnostic techniques and the pioneered therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, according to the general set criteria for the preliminary examination of the accessible scientific literature related to the Xfp outbreak on Apulian olive trees, fewer than 300 papers can be found over the last decade. Most of them essentially emphasize the importance of developing diagnostic tools that can identify the disease early, even when infected plants are still asymptomatic, in order to reduce the risk of infection for the surrounding plants. On the other hand, in the published work, the diagnostic focus (57%) overwhelmingly encompasses all other possible investigation goals such as vectors, impacts and possible treatments. Notably, between 2013 and 2023, only 6.3% of the literature reports addressing the topic of Xfp in Apulia were concerned with the application of specific treatments against the bacterium. Among them, those reporting field trials on infected plants, including simple pruning indications, were further limited (6%).
2013年，在欧洲首次发现（Xf）疫情，地点在意大利最南端（普利亚大区萨伦托地区）。当地鉴定出的亚种对橄榄树具有致命性，引发了地中海地区最具标志性的种植作物之一前所未有的植物检疫紧急情况。Xf（Xfp）导致一种严重疾病——橄榄快速衰退综合征（OQDS），该病呈流行性传播，对该地区的农业、景观、旅游业和文化遗产造成了巨大影响。这种细菌通过吸食木质部汁液的昆虫传播，由于生物膜的形成导致橄榄树迅速枯萎，生物膜会阻塞植物的木质部导管。本综述的目的是进行全面分析，概述2013年至2023年12月期间与普利亚大区Xfp疫情相关的已发表研究。到目前为止，后者已经杀死了数百万棵橄榄树，留下了一片幽灵般的景象，超过8000平方公里的区域受到感染，占该地区的40%。本综述列出了迄今为止为防治橄榄树中的Xfp所做的大部分研究工作，从早期鉴定该细菌的尝试、查明并可能控制传播媒介的调查、特定诊断技术的评估到开创性的治疗方法。有趣的是，根据与普利亚橄榄树Xfp疫情相关的可获取科学文献初步审查的一般设定标准，在过去十年中发现的论文不到300篇。其中大多数主要强调开发能够早期识别疾病的诊断工具的重要性，即使感染植物仍无症状，以便降低周围植物的感染风险。另一方面，在已发表的研究中，诊断重点（57%）绝大多数涵盖了所有其他可能的调查目标，如传播媒介、影响和可能的治疗方法。值得注意的是，在2013年至2023年期间，普利亚大区关于Xfp主题的文献报道中，只有6.3%涉及针对该细菌的特定治疗方法的应用。其中，那些报告对感染植物进行田间试验（包括简单的修剪建议）的进一步受限（6%）。
