Salgado Irma Visoso, Mendoza Jayson Leonel Moncada, Zerón Hugo Mendieta
Psychology Department, "Mónica Pretelini Sáenz" Maternal-Perinatal Hospital.
National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH).
Acta Med Litu. 2019;26(4):227-236. doi: 10.6001/actamedica.v26i4.4208.
Pregnancy is an important predisposition period to develop anxiety and depression, with a direct impact on the woman's offspring. The aim of this study was to report the correlation between depression and anxiety in pregnant women and its association with the marital status and age.
A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient care of the Psychology Service at the "Mónica Pretelini Sáenz" Maternal Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS), Toluca, Mexico, from June 2012 to March 2019. As routine, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), were applied to all women seeking attention at the HMPMPS. Only pregnant patients were selected for this study, with the women referred for the first time to the external Psychology Clinic as inclusion criteria. Pearson's correlation coefficient and the frequency of cases for age, BDI-II, and BAIT were obtained using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.23 software.
The study included 2947 pregnant patients with a mean age of 28.6 ± 6.9 years. Of these, 2616 (88.8%) presented with mild anxiety, 269 (9.1%) with moderate, and 62 (2.1%) with severe anxiety. On the other hand, 2149 (72.9%) patients presented with minimal depression, 341 (11.6%) mild depression, 268 (9.1%) moderate depression, and 189 (6.4%) had severe depression. The correlations between age and BDI-II was -0.026 ( = 0.152), between age and BAI was -0.038 ( = 0.037), and between BAIT and BDI-II 0.650 ( ≤ 0.001).
The age group with the highest frequency of depression and anxiety was from 20 to 29 years. The absence of a stable partner represented an important risk factor for anxiety and depression during pregnancy.
孕期是引发焦虑和抑郁的重要易感时期，会对女性的后代产生直接影响。本研究的目的是报告孕妇抑郁与焦虑之间的相关性及其与婚姻状况和年龄的关联。
2012年6月至2019年3月，在墨西哥托卢卡市“莫妮卡·普雷泰利尼·萨恩斯”母婴医院（HMPMPS）心理科门诊开展了一项描述性、回顾性横断面研究。按照常规，对所有在HMPMPS寻求治疗的女性应用贝克抑郁量表（BDI-II）和贝克焦虑量表特质版（BAIT）。本研究仅选取孕妇，将首次转诊至外部心理门诊的女性作为纳入标准。使用IBM SPSS Statistics v.23软件得出年龄、BDI-II和BAIT的皮尔逊相关系数及病例频率。
该研究纳入了2947名平均年龄为28.6±6.9岁的孕妇。其中，2616名（88.8%）表现为轻度焦虑，269名（9.1%）为中度焦虑，62名（2.1%）为重度焦虑。另一方面，2149名（72.9%）患者表现为极轻度抑郁，341名（11.6%）为轻度抑郁，268名（9.1%）为中度抑郁，189名（6.4%）为重度抑郁。年龄与BDI-II的相关性为-0.026（P = 0.152），年龄与BAI的相关性为-0.038（P = 0.037），BAIT与BDI-II的相关性为0.650（P≤0.001）。
抑郁和焦虑发生率最高的年龄组为20至29岁。缺乏稳定伴侣是孕期焦虑和抑郁的一个重要风险因素。
