Department of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Fam Process. 2021 Mar;60(1):199-215. doi: 10.1111/famp.12542. Epub 2020 Apr 30.
While parental monitoring is understood to protect adolescents from engaging in risk behaviors, little is known about how the family dynamics involved in parental monitoring differ across sociocultural contexts. We sought to gain an in-depth understanding of parent-child relationship dynamics and parental knowledge of adolescents' activities in an urban Peruvian neighborhood with high levels of crime and adolescent substance use. We conducted 15 in-depth interviews and two focus groups with adolescents and 12 in-depth interviews with mothers sampled from a secondary school in Callao, Peru. Our findings emphasize the importance of parent-child confianza (trust) as a foundation for parental awareness of adolescents' lives and activities. Participants in our sample characterized confianza as encouraging adolescent disclosure and shaping how parental solicitation and rules were interpreted by adolescents. Participants described how confianza was rooted in features of the parent-child relationship, including shared parent-child time, parental affection, adolescent perceptions of parents' ability to give good advice, and awareness of how parents would react to delicate topics. Participants linked these family dynamics, in turn, to economic hardship, parental feelings of sacrifice and stress, perceptions of neighborhood risk, and gender norms limiting fathers' involvement in caregiving. Results have implications for the planning and adaptation of family-based prevention programs for use in high-risk contexts in Latin America.
虽然父母监控被认为可以保护青少年免受风险行为的影响，但对于涉及父母监控的家庭动态在不同社会文化背景下有何不同，人们知之甚少。我们试图深入了解犯罪和青少年物质使用水平较高的秘鲁城市社区中亲子关系动态和父母对青少年活动的了解。我们对来自秘鲁卡亚俄一所中学的青少年进行了 15 次深入访谈和 2 次焦点小组访谈，并对母亲进行了 12 次深入访谈。我们的研究结果强调了亲子之间信任的重要性，这是父母了解青少年生活和活动的基础。我们的研究对象将信任描述为鼓励青少年坦诚相待，并影响青少年对父母的询问和规则的理解方式。参与者描述了信任是如何根植于亲子关系的特征，包括共享的亲子时间、父母的亲情、青少年对父母提供良好建议能力的看法，以及对父母对敏感话题的反应的认识。反过来，参与者将这些家庭动态与经济困难、父母的牺牲和压力感、对邻里风险的看法以及限制父亲参与照顾的性别规范联系起来。研究结果对规划和调整拉丁美洲高风险环境下基于家庭的预防计划具有启示意义。
