Kersten Tobias, Paffenholz Jens-André
Institut für Erdmessung, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany.
Institute of Geotechnical Engineering and Mine Surveying, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678 , Germany.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Apr 26;20(9):2463. doi: 10.3390/s20092463.
Various GNSS applications require low-cost, small-scale, lightweight and power-saving GNSS devices and require high precision in terms of low noise for carrier phase and code observations. Applications vary from navigation approaches to positioning in geo-monitoring units up to integration in multi-sensor-systems. For highest precision, only GNSS receivers are suitable that provide access to raw data such as carrier phase, code ranges, Doppler and signal strength. A system integration is only possible if the overall noise level is known and quantified at the level of the original observations. A benchmark analysis based on a zero baseline is proposed to quantify the stochastic properties. The performance of the consumer grade GNSS receiver is determined and evaluated against geodetic GNSS receivers to better understand the utilization of consumer grade receivers. Results indicate high similarity to the geodetic receiver, even though technical limitations are present. Various stochastic techniques report normally distributed carrier-phase noise of 2 mm and code-range noise of 0.5-0.8 m. This is confirmed by studying the modified Allan standard deviation and code-minus-carrier combinations. Derived parameters serve as important indicators for the integration of GNSS receivers into multi-sensor-systems.
各种全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）应用需要低成本、小规模、轻量级且节能的GNSS设备，并且在载波相位和码观测的低噪声方面要求高精度。应用范围从导航方法到地质监测单元中的定位，直至集成到多传感器系统中。为了实现最高精度，只有能够提供载波相位、码距、多普勒和信号强度等原始数据的GNSS接收机才适用。只有在原始观测层面知道并量化了整体噪声水平时，系统集成才有可能。提出了一种基于零基线的基准分析来量化随机特性。针对大地测量GNSS接收机确定并评估消费级GNSS接收机的性能，以便更好地了解消费级接收机的使用情况。结果表明，尽管存在技术限制，但与大地测量接收机有高度相似性。各种随机技术报告的载波相位噪声通常为2毫米，码距噪声为0.5 - 0.8米。通过研究修正的阿伦标准差和码减载波组合得到了证实。导出的参数是将GNSS接收机集成到多传感器系统中的重要指标。
