Villarreal Raul, Casale Thomas B
Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.
Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Oct;8(9):2953-2957. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.045. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
Vaccines are a cost-effective and successful means for preventing disease. Routine health vaccine administration begins in early childhood and extends into the elderly; however, there is evidence to suggest that the immunologic and protective response to vaccination is less potent in older individuals. In recent years, newer adjuvant vaccines have been developed to improve humoral and cell-mediated immune response after vaccination. Despite the use of adjuvants in vaccines for many decades, there is limited teaching in postgraduate medical education regarding the adjuvants found in human vaccines. We summarize the current literature cited in PubMed from January 1980 to December 2019. Studies examined included those supporting the use of adjuvants in human vaccines, the mechanisms via which they enhance the immunologic response, and the reported side effects that are associated with the use of adjuvant vaccines. Overall, the data show that newer adjuvant vaccines lead to improved humoral and cell-mediated immunity against infections in populations, including those with decreased response to typical vaccines without adjuvants. Side effects related to adjuvants in vaccines were reported. Research aimed at improving vaccine effectiveness and minimizing side effects continues to be underway.
疫苗是预防疾病的一种经济高效且成功的手段。常规健康疫苗接种从幼儿期开始并持续至老年；然而，有证据表明，老年人对疫苗接种的免疫和保护反应较弱。近年来，已开发出新型佐剂疫苗，以改善接种疫苗后的体液免疫和细胞介导免疫反应。尽管佐剂已在疫苗中使用了数十年，但研究生医学教育中关于人用疫苗中佐剂的教学内容有限。我们总结了1980年1月至2019年12月期间PubMed引用的当前文献。所审查的研究包括支持在人用疫苗中使用佐剂的研究、它们增强免疫反应的机制以及与使用佐剂疫苗相关的报告副作用。总体而言，数据表明，新型佐剂疫苗可提高人群对感染的体液免疫和细胞介导免疫，包括那些对无佐剂的典型疫苗反应降低的人群。报告了与疫苗中佐剂相关的副作用。旨在提高疫苗效力并将副作用降至最低的研究仍在进行中。
