打破对称——生长锥导向和突触形成中的细胞极性信号通路。
Breaking symmetry - cell polarity signaling pathways in growth cone guidance and synapse formation.
机构信息
Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States.
出版信息
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2020 Aug;63:77-86. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.03.010. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
Abstract
Directional and positional information is essential for the diverse neuronal morphology and connectivity during development. The direction of axon growth is critical for building the correct networks among neurons, sometimes from far away. Neuronal synapses are asymmetric cell-cell junctions with distinct presynaptic and postsynaptic structures to convey neural activity in a directional fashion. Recent studies show that some of the key asymmetry is mediated by highly conversed cell polarity signaling pathways. These pathways, planar cell polarity and apical-basal polarity, are not required for the global axon-dendrite polarity. Therefore, the apparent distinct types of morphological asymmetry in the nervous system, growth cone turning and synaptic junctions, are mediated by similar cell polarity signaling mechanisms widely used in cellular and tissue morphogenesis.
摘要
方向和位置信息对于发育过程中神经元形态和连接的多样性至关重要。轴突生长的方向对于在神经元之间建立正确的网络至关重要，即使它们来自很远的地方。神经元突触是不对称的细胞-细胞连接，具有独特的突触前和突触后结构，以定向方式传递神经活动。最近的研究表明，一些关键的不对称性是由高度保守的细胞极性信号通路介导的。这些通路，即平面细胞极性和顶端-基底极性，对于全局轴突-树突极性不是必需的。因此，神经系统中明显不同类型的形态不对称性，如生长锥转向和突触连接，是由广泛用于细胞和组织形态发生的类似细胞极性信号机制介导的。
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