Patel Seema
Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA.
Gene Rep. 2017 Jun;7:127-141. doi: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 Apr 8.
Proteins have highly conserved domains that determine their functionality. Out of the thousands of domains discovered so far across all living forms, some of the predominant clinically-relevant domains include IENR1, HNHc, HELICc, Pro-kuma_activ, Tryp_SPc, Lactamase_B, PbH1, ChtBD3, CBM49, acidPPc, G3P_acyltransf, RPOL8c, KbaA, HAMP, HisKA, Hr1, Dak2, APC2, Citrate_ly_lig, DALR, VKc, YARHG, WR1, PWI, ZnF_BED, TUDOR, MHC_II_beta, Integrin_B_tail, Excalibur, DISIN, Cadherin, ACTIN, PROF, Robl_LC7, MIT, Kelch, GAS2, B41, Cyclin_C, Connexin_CCC, OmpH, Bac_rhodopsin, AAA, Knot1, NH, Galanin, IB, Elicitin, ACTH, Cache_2, CHASE, AgrB, PRP, IGR, and Antimicrobial21. These domains are distributed in nucleases/helicases, proteases, esterases, lipases, glycosylase, GTPases, phosphatases, methyltransferases, acyltransferase, acetyltransferase, polymerase, kinase, ligase, synthetase, oxidoreductase, protease inhibitors, nucleic acid binding proteins, adhesion and immunity-related proteins, cytoskeletal component-manipulating proteins, lipid biosynthesis and metabolism proteins, membrane-associated proteins, hormone-like and signaling proteins, etc. These domains are ubiquitous stretches or folds of the proteins in pathogens and allergens. Pathogenesis alleviation efforts can benefit enormously if the characteristics of these domains are known. Hence, this review catalogs and discusses the role of such pivotal domains, suggesting hypotheses for better understanding of pathogenesis at molecular level.
蛋白质具有决定其功能的高度保守结构域。在迄今为止在所有生命形式中发现的数千个结构域中，一些主要的临床相关结构域包括IENR1、HNHc、HELICc、Pro-kuma_activ、Tryp_SPc、Lactamase_B、PbH1、ChtBD3、CBM49、acidPPc、G3P_acyltransf、RPOL8c、KbaA、HAMP、HisKA、Hr1、Dak2、APC2、Citrate_ly_lig、DALR、VKC、YARHG、WR1、PWI、ZnF_BED、TUDOR、MHC_II_beta、Integrin_B_tail、Excalibur、DISIN、钙黏蛋白、肌动蛋白、PROF、Robl_LC7、MIT、 Kelch、GAS2、B41、细胞周期蛋白C、连接蛋白CCC、外膜蛋白H、细菌视紫红质、AAA、Knot1、NH、甘丙肽、IB、激发素、促肾上腺皮质激素、Cache_2、CHASE、AgrB、PRP、IGR和抗菌21。这些结构域分布于核酸酶/解旋酶、蛋白酶、酯酶、脂肪酶、糖基化酶、GTP酶、磷酸酶、甲基转移酶、酰基转移酶、乙酰转移酶、聚合酶、激酶、连接酶、合成酶、氧化还原酶、蛋白酶抑制剂、核酸结合蛋白、黏附及免疫相关蛋白、细胞骨架成分调控蛋白、脂质生物合成及代谢蛋白、膜相关蛋白、激素样及信号蛋白等。这些结构域是病原体和过敏原中蛋白质普遍存在的片段或折叠。如果了解这些结构域的特性，减轻发病机制的努力将受益匪浅。因此，本综述编目并讨论了这些关键结构域的作用，提出了一些假设，以便在分子水平上更好地理解发病机制。
