IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France.
DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Environ Microbiol. 2020 Oct;22(10):4323-4341. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15055. Epub 2020 Jun 8.
In the marine environment, bivalve mollusks constitute habitats for bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family. Vibrios belong to the microbiota of healthy oysters and mussels, which have the ability to concentrate bacteria in their tissues and body fluids, including the hemolymph. Remarkably, these important aquaculture species respond differently to infectious diseases. While oysters are the subject of recurrent mass mortalities at different life stages, mussels appear rather resistant to infections. Thus, Vibrio species are associated with the main diseases affecting the worldwide oyster production. Here, we review the current knowledge on Vibrio-bivalve interaction in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) and mussels (Mytilus sp.). We discuss the transient versus stable associations of vibrios with their bivalve hosts as well as technical issues limiting the monitoring of these bacteria in bivalve health and disease. Based on the current knowledge of oyster/mussel immunity and their interactions with Vibrio species pathogenic for oyster, we discuss how differences in immune effectors could contribute to the higher resistance of mussels to infections. Finally, we review the multiple strategies evolved by pathogenic vibrios to circumvent the potent immune defences of bivalves and how key virulence mechanisms could have been positively or negatively selected in the marine environment through interactions with predators.
在海洋环境中，双壳贝类为弧菌科的细菌提供了栖息地。弧菌是健康牡蛎和贻贝的微生物群的一部分，它们有能力在组织和体液中浓缩细菌，包括血淋巴。值得注意的是，这些重要的水产养殖物种对传染病的反应不同。虽然牡蛎在不同的生命阶段会反复发生大规模死亡，但贻贝似乎对感染有较强的抵抗力。因此，弧菌与影响全球牡蛎生产的主要疾病有关。在这里，我们回顾了关于牡蛎（Crassostrea sp.）和贻贝（Mytilus sp.）中弧菌-双壳贝类相互作用的现有知识。我们讨论了弧菌与双壳贝类宿主之间的瞬时和稳定关联，以及限制监测这些细菌在双壳贝类健康和疾病中的技术问题。基于牡蛎/贻贝免疫的现有知识及其与对牡蛎具有致病性的弧菌的相互作用，我们讨论了免疫效应物的差异如何有助于贻贝对感染的更高抵抗力。最后，我们回顾了致病性弧菌为规避双壳类动物强大的免疫防御而进化出的多种策略，以及关键的毒力机制如何通过与捕食者的相互作用在海洋环境中被积极或消极地选择。
