Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Product Design, 86795Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
Flanders Make, Lommel, Belgium.
Waste Manag Res. 2020 Sep;38(9):995-1006. doi: 10.1177/0734242X20919488. Epub 2020 May 4.
Major cities in transitional and developing countries are facing the ever-growing challenge of managing solid waste in a sustainable manner. While a variety of treatments exist for solid waste, cities are in need of a sustainable integrated municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system. Such a system is meant to assist them in selecting and investing in an appropriate combination of treatments for the waste they generate, depending on the composition and quantity of this waste. This study presents a systems analysis of the MSWM in Cairo. A constrained non-linear mathematical model is developed to represent an underlying model of a MSWM system, with six waste material flows (cardboard and paper, plastics, metals, glass, organic material, and others). The developed model depicts combinations of five treatment alternatives (composting, anaerobic digestion, mechanical biological treatment, incineration, and landfilling). The treatment methods and their capacity are determined by the model, indicating possible optimal design solutions and recommendations. Starting with an evaluation of the status quo of the MSWM system in Cairo, the paper proposes a staged strategy, involving investigating improvements to the current mixed-waste management system, then exploring the possibility of introducing at-source waste sorting. The environmental and economic implications of different scenarios are analyzed and compared. A material flow analysis, including input data uncertainties, is also conducted by applying substance flow analysis. This analysis shows the difference between the status quo and the proposed improved solutions for diverting waste from landfills and, thus, decreasing carbon dioxide emissions.
转型国家和发展中国家的主要城市面临着以可持续方式管理固体废物的日益增长的挑战。虽然有各种方法可以处理固体废物，但城市需要一个可持续的综合城市固体废物管理（MSWM）系统。该系统旨在帮助城市根据其产生的废物的组成和数量，选择并投资于适合其废物的处理方法组合。本研究对开罗的 MSWM 进行了系统分析。开发了一个约束非线性数学模型来表示 MSWM 系统的基础模型，其中有六个废物物质流（纸板和纸张、塑料、金属、玻璃、有机材料和其他）。所开发的模型描述了五种处理方法的组合（堆肥、厌氧消化、机械生物处理、焚烧和填埋）。处理方法及其能力由模型确定，指示可能的最佳设计解决方案和建议。本研究从评估开罗 MSWM 系统的现状开始，提出了一个分阶段的策略，包括研究改进当前混合废物管理系统，然后探索在源头进行废物分类的可能性。分析并比较了不同方案的环境和经济影响。还通过应用物质流分析进行了物料流分析，包括输入数据不确定性。该分析显示了从垃圾填埋场转移废物的现状与拟议的改进解决方案之间的差异，从而减少二氧化碳排放。
