Department of Chemistry, Umeå University (UmU), SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, UmU, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Jun 2;54(11):6468-6485. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07709. Epub 2020 May 15.
Thousands of halogenated natural products (HNPs) pervade the terrestrial and marine environment. HNPs are generated by biotic and abiotic processes and range in complexity from low molecular mass natural halocarbons (nHCs, mostly halomethanes and haloethanes) to compounds of higher molecular mass which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition to halogens (hHNPs). nHCs have a key role in regulating tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, while some hHNPs bioaccumulate and have toxic properties similar those of anthropogenic-persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Both chemical classes have common sources: biosynthesis by marine bacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae, and some invertebrate animals, and both may be similarly impacted by alteration of production and transport pathways in a changing climate. The nHCs scientific community is advanced in investigating sources, atmospheric and oceanic transport, and forecasting climate change impacts through modeling. By contrast, these activities are nascent or nonexistent for hHNPs. The goals of this paper are to (1) review production, sources, distribution, and transport pathways of nHCs and hHNPs through water and air, pointing out areas of commonality, (2) by analogy to nHCs, argue that climate change may alter these factors for hHNPs, and (3) suggest steps to improve linkage between nHCs and hHNPs science to better understand and predict climate change impacts.
数千种卤代天然产物（HNPs）充斥着陆地和海洋环境。HNPs 由生物和非生物过程产生，其复杂程度从低相对分子质量天然卤代烃（nHCs，主要为卤代甲烷和卤代乙烷）到高相对分子质量化合物不等，后者通常除卤素外还含有氧和/或氮原子（hHNPs）。nHCs 在调节对流层和平流层臭氧方面发挥着关键作用，而一些 hHNPs 则具有生物累积性，并具有与人为持久性有机污染物（POPs）相似的毒性。这两类化学物质都有共同的来源：海洋细菌、浮游植物、大型藻类和一些无脊椎动物的生物合成，而且两者都可能受到气候变化下生产和运输途径改变的类似影响。nHCs 的科学界在调查来源、大气和海洋运输以及通过建模预测气候变化影响方面取得了进展。相比之下，这些活动在 hHNPs 方面还处于起步或不存在的阶段。本文的目标是：（1）通过水和空气，回顾 nHCs 和 hHNPs 的生产、来源、分布和传输途径，指出共同之处；（2）类比 nHCs，认为气候变化可能改变 hHNPs 的这些因素；（3）提出加强 nHCs 和 hHNPs 科学联系的步骤，以更好地理解和预测气候变化影响。
