Singh Gerald G, Eddy Ian M S, Halpern Benjamin S, Neslo Rabin, Satterfield Terre, Chan Kai M A
NEREUS Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
PLoS One. 2020 May 4;15(5):e0220092. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220092. eCollection 2020.
Ecosystem services are impacted through restricting service supply, through limiting people from accessing services, and by affecting the quality of services. We map cumulative impacts to 8 different ecosystem services in coastal British Columbia using InVEST models, spatial data, and expert elicitation to quantify risk to each service from anthropogenic activities. We find that impact to service access and quality as well as impact to service supply results in greater severity of impact and a greater diversity of causal processes of impact than only considering impact to service supply. This suggests that limiting access to services and impacts to service quality may be important and understanding these kinds of impacts may complement our knowledge of impacts to biophysical systems that produce services. Some ecosystem services are at greater risk from climate stressors while others face greater risk from local activities. Prominent causal pathways of impact include limiting access and affecting quality. Mapping cumulative impacts to ecosystem services can yield rich insights, including highlighting areas of high impact and understanding causes of impact, and should be an essential management tool to help maintain the flow of services we benefit from.
生态系统服务受到多种影响，包括服务供给受限、人们获取服务受限以及服务质量受到影响。我们利用InVEST模型、空间数据和专家意见，绘制了不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海地区8种不同生态系统服务的累积影响图，以量化人为活动对每种服务的风险。我们发现，与仅考虑对服务供给的影响相比，对服务获取和质量的影响以及对服务供给的影响导致了更大的影响严重程度和更多样化的影响因果过程。这表明，限制服务获取和影响服务质量可能很重要，理解这类影响可能会补充我们对产生服务的生物物理系统所受影响的认识。一些生态系统服务受气候压力源的风险更大，而另一些则面临来自当地活动的更大风险。突出的影响因果途径包括限制获取和影响质量。绘制生态系统服务的累积影响图可以产生丰富的见解，包括突出高影响区域和理解影响原因，并且应该成为帮助维持我们所受益的服务流的重要管理工具。
